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    A new grey approach for using swara and piprecia methods in a group decision?making environment
    (MDPI AG, 2021) Stanujki?, Dragiša; Karabaševi?, Darjan; Popovi?, Gabrijela; Stanimirovi?, Predrag S.; Sara?evi?, Muzafer; Smarandache, Florentin; Katsikis, Vasilios N.
    The environment in which the decision?making process takes place is often characterized by uncertainty and vagueness and, because of that, sometimes it is very hard to express the criteria weights with crisp numbers. Therefore, the application of the Grey System Theory, i.e., grey numbers, in this case, is very convenient when it comes to determination of the criteria weights with partially known information. Besides, the criteria weights have a significant role in the multiple criteria decision?making process. Many ordinary multiple criteria decision?making methods are adapted for using grey numbers, and this is the case in this article as well. A new grey extension of the certain multiple criteria decision?making methods for the determination of the criteria weights is proposed. Therefore, the article aims to propose a new extension of the Step?wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and PIvot Pairwise Relative Criteria Importance Assessment (PI? PRECIA) methods adapted for group decision?making. In the proposed approach, attitudes of decision?makers are transformed into grey group attitudes, which allows taking advantage of the benefit that grey numbers provide over crisp numbers. The main advantage of the proposed approach in relation to the use of crisp numbers is the ability to conduct different analyses, i.e., considering different scenarios, such as pessimistic, optimistic, and so on. By varying the value of the whitening coefficient, different weights of the criteria can be obtained, and it should be emphasized that this approach gives the same weights as in the case of crisp numbers when the whitening coefficient has a value of 0.5. In addition, in this approach, the grey number was formed based on the median value of collected responses because it better maintains the deviation from the normal distribution of the collected responses. The application of the proposed approach was considered through two numerical illustrations, based on which appropriate conclusions were drawn. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    An Innovative Grey Approach for Group Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Based on the Median of Ratings by Using Python
    (Mdpi, 2021) Stanujkic, Dragisa; Karabasevic, Darjan; Popovic, Gabrijela; Stanimirovic, Predrag S.; Smarandache, Florentin; Saracevic, Muzafer; Ulutas, Alptekin
    Some decision-making problems, i.e., multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problems, require taking into account the attitudes of a large number of decision-makers and/or respondents. Therefore, an approach to the transformation of crisp ratings, collected from respondents, in grey interval numbers form based on the median of collected scores, i.e., ratings, is considered in this article. In this way, the simplicity of collecting respondents' attitudes using crisp values, i.e., by applying some form of Likert scale, is combined with the advantages that can be achieved by using grey interval numbers. In this way, a grey extension of MCDA methods is obtained. The application of the proposed approach was considered in the example of evaluating the websites of tourism organizations by using several MCDA methods. Additionally, an analysis of the application of the proposed approach in the case of a large number of respondents, done in Python, is presented. The advantages of the proposed method, as well as its possible limitations, are summarized.
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    Prioritization of Logistics Risks with Plithogenic PIPRECIA Method
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Ulutaş, Alptekin; Topal, Ayse; Karabasevic, Darjan; Stanujkic, Dragisa; Popovic, Gabrijela; Smarandache, Florentin
    Rapidly changing markets, actors, new legal regulations, information and data intensity have increased uncertainty, and as a result, businesses that want to continue operating in the market need to pay more attention to risk criteria. Risk can be explained as unplanned event which affects a business’s overall performance. Logistics practices that develop and change continuously show a great variety such as weather and road accidents to faults in operations. Logistics risks have important roles in supply chains efficiency as the risks in logistics may adversely affect all parts of the supply chains and lead to decreases in business performances. Multi-criteria decision making methods are commonly used in risk prioritisation. In this study, a newly developed method called Plithogenic PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment (PIPRECIA) Method is used to prioritise logistics risks. For identifying weights, data were collected from three experts in the logistics field. Six logistics risks were considered and according to the results of Plithogenic PIPRECIA Transportation-related risk is determined as the most significant risk. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.