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    Determination of PD-1 expression in peripheral blood cells in patients with endometriosis
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Oksasoglu, Bugra; Hepokur, Ceylan; Misir, Sema; Yildiz, Caglar; Sonmez, Gamze; Yanik, Ali
    In patients with endometriosis, ectopic endometrial tissues can escape from immune system control and survive in other tissues. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the pathophysiology of endometriosis, which is thought to be a benign but infiltrative cancer type, which has many similarities with cancer biology by determining PD-1 expression in patients with endometriosis. In this study, n = 73 cases who underwent surgery or examination at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine and diagnosed as endometriosis in the biopsy material taken with the pre-diagnosis of endometriosis constituted the patient group. The control group consisted of n = 64 healthy subjects without concomitant malignancy or chronic inflammatory disease. Venous whole blood samples were obtained from the study groups. PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were determined by the ELISA method from serum and plasma samples. PD-1 gene expression level was determined by RT-PCR. The PD-1 level was found to be approximately 350 +/- 150 ng/L and 45 +/- 17 ng/L in endometriosis and control group, respectively. While the PD-L1 level was approximately 760 +/- 108 ng/L in the patients, this level was 140 +/- 14 ng/L in the controls. According to the RT-PCR results, the expression of the PD-1 gene 10 times higher compared to the controls. Conclusion: The identified increase of PD-1 levels and gene expression in endometriosis groups show that immunotherapy may be used in the treatment of endometriosis.
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    The role of two common FOXP3 gene promoter polymorphisms in preeclampsia in a Turkish population: a case-control study
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Cekin, Nilgun; Pinarbasi, Ergun; Bildirici, Aslihan Esra; Hatice; Yanik, Ali; Sonmez, Gamze
    Preeclampsia (PE), which occurs in approximately 5% of pregnancies worldwide and constitutes clinically serious complications in 2-3%, is one of the leading causes of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. Recent studies report that regulatory T (Treg) cells, which act as immunosuppressant, are associated with PE. It is clearly defined that FOXP3/Scurfin (Forkhead Box P3) is involved in the development and function of Tregs. However, there are different conclusions regarding the relationship between PE and FOXP3 gene polymorphisms for different populations. For this reason, in this study we investigate the association between FOXP3 gene promoter region polymorphisms and PE in a Turkish population 500 PE patients and 500 healthy pregnant women. Blood samples taken from pregnant women were studied by PCR-RFLP method. As a result, rs2232365 polymorphism was significantly associated with disease (p < .0001) while no significant association was found between rs3761548 polymorphism and the disease (p = .17). Based on these results, it is though that FOXP3 rs2232365 polymorphism may be predisposed to PE development in terms of Turkish population. However, further and functional studies are needed in terms of other polymorphisms and mutations.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? A number of recent publications suggest that Tregs may play a role in the pathogenesis of PE. It is known that a stable and high FOXP3 expression is required to maintain the suppressive T cell function of Tregs. Down regulation of FOXP3 in PE has been reported in many previous studies, but the mechanism is still uncertain. What do the results of this study add? Our study has examined two FOXP3 promoter region polymorphisms in terms of Turkish population for the first time. Rs2232365 polymorphism associated with the disease in heterozygous genotype.