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Öğe Antibacterial Effect of Gaseous and Aqueous Ozone in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus Faecalis(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2014) Zan, Recai; Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Sumer, Zeynep; Tunc, TutkuThe present study evaluated the antibacterial effects of aqueous and gaseous ozone in human root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Infected root canals were divided into two control groups (saline, sodium hypochlorite) and three experimental groups (manual or ultrasonic technique of aqueous and, gaseous ozone). Disinfection procedures were performed, remaining microbial colonies were counted and data were evaluated. Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest antibacterial effect on root canals infected with Enteroccous faecalis. Moreover, aqueous ozone with ultrasonic technique appear to be more influential than aqueous ozone with manual technique and gaseous ozone.Öğe Antibacterial Effects of Two Different Types of Laser and Aqueous Ozone Against Enterococcus faecalis in Root Canals(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013) Zan, Recai; Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Sumer, Zeynep; Tunc, Tutku; Tanalp, JaleObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of two different types of laser and aqueous ozone in human root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis. Background data: Many techniques have been developed to find an alternative to sodium hypochlorite as a disinfection agent for infected root canals. However, no study has evaluated the exactly the same antimicrobial agent with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Methods: Eighty mandibular premolar teeth with single roots and canals were selected. Following root canal preparation and irrigation, sterilization was performed in an autoclave. E. faecalis was incubated in the root canals and kept at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The teeth contaminated with E. faecalis were divided into one negative control group (NaOCl) and three experimental groups; (Er: YAG laser, KTP laser, and aqueous ozone groups)(n = 20). A disinfection procedure was performed for 3 min in order to standardize all groups. After this procedure, the microbial colonies were counted. Results: The results indicated that whereas the NaOCl group exhibited the highest antibacterial effect among all groups, the aqueous ozone showed the highest antibacterial effect among the experimental groups. Whereas a statistically significant difference was noted between the aqueous ozone and laser groups (p < 0.05), the difference between the Er: YAG and KTP lasers was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that when aqueous ozone was applied with the aim of disinfecting the root canals, it exhibited a higher antibacterial effect than the KTP and Er: YAG lasers. However, the antibacterial effect of the aqueous ozone was insufficient when compared with NaOCl.Öğe Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous Ozone in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis(AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIV MED SCI, 2014) Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Zan, Recai; Tunc, Tutku; Sumer, ZeynepBackground: In endodontics, the elimination of resistant bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis plays an important role for treatment success in root canals. Therefore, new alternative irrigants (instead of sodium hypochlorite) have been researched to achieve ideal endodontic treatment. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to compare the antibacterial effect of aqueous ozone with different concentrations and techniques of application (manual and ultrasonic) against E. faecalis in human root canals. Patients and Methods: Eighty single-root mandibular premolar teeth were selected, prepared and sterilized. E. faecalis was incubated in the root canals and kept at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The teeth were divided into four main groups each has 20 members: NaOCl (positive control) group; 8 ppm aqueous ozone group; 12 ppm aqueous ozone group; and 16 ppm aqueous ozone group. While half of the specimens were disinfected with aqueous ozone by manual technique, the other half was disinfected with the aqueous ozone by ultrasonic technique. Conventional irrigation technique was simultaneously applied with ultrasonic vibration that was produced by VDW. ULTRA device. The disinfection procedures were performed for 180 s to ensure standardization of all the working groups. Paper points (placed in the root canals before and after the disinfection procedures) were transferred to Eppendorf tubes containing 0.5 mL of brain heart infusion broth. Then, 50 mu L of the suspension was inoculated onto broth agar media. Microbial colonies were counted, and the data were evaluated statistically using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. Results: Although the antibacterial effect of 16 ppm aqueous ozone using a manual technique had an insufficient effect, its ultrasonic application technique resulted in complete disinfection in the root canals. Conclusions: The bactericidal activity of high concentration of aqueous ozone combined with ultrasonic application technique showed efficacy similar to that of 5.25% NaOCl in root canals.Öğe Antibacterial Efficacy of Super-Oxidized Water on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in Root Canal(AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIV MED SCI, 2016) Zan, Recai; Alacam, Tayfun; Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Tunc, Tutku; Sumer, Zeynep; Alici, OguzhanBackground: The success of endodontic treatment depends on a few crucial factors. One of these factors is the complete chemo-mechanic preparation of root canal against various bacteria. In particular, the effect of resistant bacteria may cause intense pain with flare-up and formation of periapical lesions. Therefore, the strong effect of irrigants plays an important role in terms of the complete elimination of these bacteria to achieve long-term successful treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of super-oxidized water (SPO) in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Methods: One hundred twenty single-root, premolar teeth were selected. Initially, the teeth were prepared and then disinfected. E. faecalis were inoculated and kept at 37 degrees C for 24 hours in the root canals. The re-inoculation procedure was repeated on the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth days. The infected root canals were divided into one negative (saline) and one positive (sodium hypochlorite) control group and four experimental groups (super-oxidized water: 1, 2, 3, or 5 minutes) (n = 20). Paper points were placed in the root canals to control and evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilms were counted on blood agar plates, and data was evaluated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no statistically significant difference when compared with three and five minutes of SPO irrigation (P > 0.05), NaOCl showed statistically significant differences among all other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Super-oxidized water indicated a remarkable and similar bactericidal effect to that of traditional NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilms. In terms of successful endodontic treatment approaches, super-oxidized water may be used as an effective irrigation solution in clinics.Öğe Antifungal Efficacy of Aqueous and Gaseous Ozone in Root Canals Infected by Candida albicans(AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIV MED SCI, 2013) Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Zan, Recai; Tunc, Tutku; Sumer, Zeynep; Hurmuzlu, FeridunBackground: Candida albicans is one of the important microorganism which can be isolated from normal flora in the mouth. The resistance of C. albicans against disinfectants like ozone can reduce success rate of root canal treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the antifungal efficacy of aqueous and gaseous ozone in human root canals infected by C. albicans. Materials and Methods: Fifty single-root mandibular premolar teeth were selected. The teeth were prepared and sterilized. C. albicans were incubated in root canals and kept at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The teeth were divided into one positive, one negative control, and three experimental groups (n = 10). Group 1, saline (positive control); Group 2, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (negative control); Group 3, aqueous ozone with manual technique (4 mg/L); Group 4, aqueous ozone with ultrasonic technique (4 mg/L) and Group 5, gaseous ozone. Disinfection procedures were performed during 300 s to ensure standardization among all the working groups. Paper points, placed in the root canals before and after disinfection procedures, were transferred in Eppendorf tubes containing 0.5 ml of brain heart infusion broth. Then 50-mu L suspension was inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar. Microbial colonies were counted and data were evaluated statistically with using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between antifungal activities of gaseous ozone group and NaOCl group (P < 0.05). Additionally, although no statistically significant differences were found among aqueous ozone groups (manual and ultrasonic techniques) and the NaOCl group (P > 0.05), few fungi were found in the aqueous ozone with manual technique group. Conclusions: When gaseous ozone was used alone in root canals, its antifungal effect was not sufficient. However, applying aqueous ozone with ultrasonic technique showed stronger antifungal effects than aqueous ozone with manual technique in root canals.Öğe Biocompatibility evaluation of cigarette and carbon papers used in repair of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations: experimental study(SPRINGER, 2013) Altuntas, Emine Elif; Sumer, ZeynepThe purposes of this study were to investigate the biocompatibility of two different paper patches (carbon and cigarette papers) and compare the adhesion and proliferation features of L929 fibroblast cells by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT Test) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, time-dependent cytotoxic effects of cigarette and carbon papers used in repairing small traumatic TM perforations were investigated in vitro by using MTT test. And also adhesion and spreading of cells over disk surface were observed by SEM. Cytotoxicity test carried out by MTT analysis on leakage products collected from two types of paper patches at the end of 24 and 48 h revealed no cytotoxicity (P > 0.05). In SEM studies, it was observed that cells started to proliferate over disk surface as a result of 48-h incubation, and SEM revealed that the cell proliferation over cigarette paper was more compared to the one over carbon paper. We believe that this is the first study where biocompatibility and adhesion features of carbon and cigarette paper have been studied by using L929 fibroblast cell culture. As a result, biocompatibility of cigarette paper and also whether cigarette paper was superior to carbon paper in cell attachment and biocompatibility were studied. It was found, by MTT test and SEM test, that cigarette paper had a higher biocompatibility and cell attachment, and thus cigarette paper should be the patch to be preferred in cases where TM perforations are repaired by paper-patch method.Öğe CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE MIXTURE OF OLIVE OIL AND LIME CREAM IN VITRO CONDITIONS(AFRICAN NETWORKS ETHNOMEDICINES, 2013) Sumer, Zeynep; Yildirim, Gulay; Sumer, Haldun; Yildirim, SahinThe mixture of olive oil and lime cream has been traditionally used to treat external burns in the region of Hatay/Antakya and middle Anatolia. Olive oil and lime cream have been employed by many physicians to treat in many ailments in the past. A limited number of studies have shown the antibacterial effect of olive oil and that it does not have any toxic effect on the skin. But we did not find any reported studies on the mixture of olive oil and lime cream. The aim of this paper is to investigate the cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of olive oil and lime cream individually or/and in combination in vitro conditions, by using disk-diffusion method and in cell culture. The main purpose in using this mixture is usually to clear burns without a trace. Agar overlay, MTT (Cytotoxicity assay) and antibacterial susceptibility tests were used to investigate the cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of olive oil and lime cream. We found that lime cream has an antibacterial activity but also cytotoxic on the fibroblasts. On the other hand olive oil has limited or no antibacterial effect and it has little or no cytotoxic on the fibroblasts. When we combined lime cream and olive oil, olive oil reduced its cytotoxic impact. These results suggest that mixture of olive oil and lime cream is not cytotoxic and has antimicrobial activity.Öğe Does hydatid disease have protective effects against lung cancer?(SPRINGER, 2013) Karadayi, Sule; Arslan, Sulhattin; Sumer, Zeynep; Turan, Mustafa; Sumer, Haldun; Karadayi, KursatWe hypothesized that solid tumors rarely occur in patients with hydatid disease. We obtained the serum of 14 patients diagnosed with hydatid disease, the serum of 10 patients who did not have a history of hydatid disease, and the hydatid cyst fluid from six patients. These sera and fluid samples were added at different concentrations to NCI-H209/An1 human lung small cell carcinoma cells and L929 mouse fibroblasts as a control group. Sera of patients with hydatid diseases had cytotoxic effects on NCI-H209/An1 cells, but they did not have cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells. Sera from healthy subjects did not have a cytotoxic effect on the tumor cell line or control fibroblasts. Cyst fluid, also, did not have toxic effects on the NCI-H209/An1 cell line, but was toxic to fibroblasts up to a 1:32 dilution. Sera from patients with hydatid disease had cytotoxic effects on human small cell lung cancer cells in vitro.Öğe THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSE TEICOPLANIN-LOADED ACRYLIC BONE CEMENT ON BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF BONE CEMENT(AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2013) Oztemur, Zekeriya; Sumer, Zeynep; Tunc, Tutku; Pazarci, Ozhan; Bulut, OkayAntibiotic-loaded acrylic bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) is used to prevent or treat infection in total joint replacement surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the teicoplanin-loaded acrylic bone cement. Cytotoxicity examination of acrylic bone cement balls and 400 mg teicoplanin added acrylic bone cement balls conducted by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) was used to observe adhesion and spreading of cells on surface of the balls. Cytotoxicity examination conducted by MTT assay on acrylic bone cement balls and teicoplanin-added acrylic bone cement balls revealed no cytotoxicity. SEM analysis put forward that cells started to proliferate and adhere on surface of the samples in both groups as a result of 48-hour incubation and that the cell proliferation over acrylic bone cement and teicoplanin-added acrylic bone cement was similar. As a consequence, there was no cytotoxicity in acrylic bone cement and teicoplanin-added acrylic bone cement groups according to results of MTT assay. On the other hand, results of SEM showed that biocompatibility of both groups was similar. In conclusion, teicoplanin-loaded bone cement did not change biocompatibility of bone cement in studied dose.Öğe Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate During Surgery for Hydatid Cyst(SPRINGER, 2009) Topcu, Omer; Sumer, Zeynep; Tuncer, Ersin; Aydin, Cengiz; Koyuncu, AyhanDissemination of protoscolices-rich fluid during surgery for hydatid cyst disease is a major cause of recurrence. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into a hepatic hydatid cyst before opening is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this serious complication. In this clinical study, the efficacy of 0.04% chlorhexidine gluconate (Chx-Glu) during hydatid cyst surgery was tested, and early-term results were evaluated. A total of 30 consecutive patients with 45 liver cysts were studied. Only type I and type II cysts were included. Cysts were punctured, and fluid was aspirated. The viability of protoscolices in this fluid was determined. Chx-Glu 0.04% was instilled into the cyst cavity. After 5 minutes of exposure, the cyst fluid was reaspirated and evaluated for the viability of protoscolices. Imprints of the germinative membranes were determined for protoscolices viability. All protoscolices in 45 cysts evaluated were killed by 5 minutes of exposure to 0.04% Chx-Glu. The whole of the germinative membrane imprints contained dead protoscolices. Chx-Glu 0.04% did not cause any adverse effect on biliary tracts in communication with cysts. There was no recurrence during the 2-year follow-up period. There were also no mortality and no cavity-related complications. This study shows that intracystic injection of 0.04% Chx-Glu is an effective measure against the dissemination of viable protoscolices. In addition, Chx-Glu is the most convenient scolicidal agent as per the criteria defined by the World Health Organization. Therefore, it can be used safely during hydatid cyst surgery. However, there remains the need to perform advanced comparative clinical studies on the efficacy of Chx-Glu and other scolicidal agents.Öğe Efficiency of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Reducing Pain Induced by Orthodontic Forces(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2012) Bicakci, Ali Altug; Kocoglu-Altan, Burcu; Toker, Hulya; Mutaf, Ilhan; Sumer, ZeynepObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing post-adjustment orthodontic pain via evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) composition changes at the level of prostaglandin-E-2 (PGE(2)) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Background data: LLLT has been found to be effective in pain relief. PGE(2) has the greatest impact on the process of pain signals and can be detected in GCF in order to investigate the response of dental and periodontal tissues in a biochemical manner. Materials and methods: Nineteen patients (11 females and 8 males; mean age 13.9 years) were included in this study. Maxillary first molars were banded and then a randomly selected first molar at one side was irradiated (lambda 820 nm; continuous wave; output power: 50 mW; focal spot: 0.0314 cm(2); exposure duration: 5 sec; power density: 1.59W/cm(2); energy dose: 0.25 J; energy density: 7.96 J/cm(2) for each shot), while the molar at the other side was served as placebo control. The GCF was collected from the gingival crevice of each molar to evaluate PGE(2) levels, before band placement, 1 and 24 h after laser irradiation. Pain intensity was analyzed at 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h after band placement by using VAS. Results: Although no difference was found in pain perception at 5 min and 1 h, significant reduction was observed with laser treatment 24 h after application (p < 0.05). The mean PGE(2) levels were significantly elevated in control group, whereas a gradual decrease occurred in laser group. The difference in PGE(2) levels at both 1 and 24 h were statistically significant between two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The significant reductions in both pain intensity and PGE(2) levels revealed that LLLT was efficient in reducing orthodontic post-adjustment pain.Öğe Evaluation of Bacterial Microleakage of Root Canals Irrigated with Different Irrigation Solutions and KTP Laser System(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2013) Simsek, Neslihan; Akpinar, Kerem Engin; Sumer, ZeynepObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial microleakage of the root canals irrigated with different irrigation solutions and the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser system and filled with gutta-percha and AH26 root canal sealer. In addition, the effect of the irrigation solutions on dentin surface was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Background data: A few studies have reported that KTP laser has the capacity to remove the smear layer. Many researchers have demonstrated that propolis has a bactericidal effect. Both are important effects on root canal treatments. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty single-root single-canal mandibular premolar teeth were used for this study. The root canals were prepared by Dentaport Root ZX and ProTaper rotary instruments with the crown-down technique. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups of 20 teeth each. Each group was irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 20% propolis, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and KTP laser, respectively. A total of 20 teeth were used as controls-10 positive controls and 10 negative controls-which were irrigated with distilled water. The root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH-26. The external surfaces of specimens were covered with three layers of nail varnish except the apical third. The teeth were inserted into Eppendorf plastic tubes and suspended in glass bottles containing sterile broth. All specimens were inoculated every 5 days with Enterococcus faecalis. The contamination onset time was continuously recorded, as turbidity was the first indication of contamination in a period of 30 days. Results: All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS for Windows version 15.0 software. A chi(2) test was computed and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The controls behaved as expected. Conclusions: This study showed that different irrigation solutions and KTP laser allowed microleakage of E. faecalis.Öğe IN VITRO COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DENTAL FILLING MATERIALS ON MOUSE FIBROBLASTS(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Kilic, Duygu; Kesim, Servet; Liman, Narin; Sumer, Zeynep; Ozturk, AhmetThe choice of filling material is an important factor in the clinical success of root coverage. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of filling materials must be investigated to ensure a safe biological response. The aim of this study was to compare the response of L929 mouse fibroblasts to several glass ionomer cements (GICs), i.e. conventional GIC, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified resin composite (PMRC), using three different methods. 1) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay 2) agar diffusion test, 3) scanning electron microscopy The MTT test demonstrated that L929 fibroblast attachment to polyacid-modified resin composite filling material was excessive on day I, but decreased on day 3 (P < 0.05). When the cell proliferation percentages of all filling materials were compared with those of the control group (100%) on days 1 and 3, it was observed that statistically significant differences existed (P < 0.05). Although resin-modified glass ionomer cement was determined to be slightly cytotoxic according to the results of agar diffusion tests, differences between the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). In addition to our in vitro research results, chemical surface analysis techniques, measurement of the release of elements, physical surface characterization and analysis of microstructure and porosity can provide a better understanding of the biological response to filling materials.Öğe In vitro cytotoxicity of all-ceramic substructural materials after aging(ELSEVIER TAIWAN, 2013) Kilic, Kerem; Kesim, Bulent; Sumer, Zeynep; Polat, Zubeyde; Kesim, ServetBackground/purpose: Several all-ceramic materials have been developed to meet the most challenging requirements in restorative dentistry. However, only limited reports have focused on the issue of biocompatibility of all-ceramics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of all-ceramic substructural materials to determine their biological performance under experimental conditions. Materials and methods: We tested six all-ceramic systems [glass-infiltrated alumina-reinforced ceramic (In-Ceram Alumina, Turkom Cera), glass-infiltrated zirconia-toughened alumina ceramic (In-Ceram Zirconia), low-fusing ceramic (Finesse), yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramic (Zirkonzahn), and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max)] using a tetrazolium assay prior to and 3 days after aging, to determine their ability to alter cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon t test were used for statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05). Results: According to the results of the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide tests, the toxic effects of Finesse and Zirkonzahn were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) compared with the negative control group. In contrast, In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, Turkom Cera, and IPS e.max demonstrated statistically significant toxic effects (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. When effects of aging on cytotoxic properties were evaluated, In-Ceram Zirconia and Turkom Cera showed increased cytotoxic effects on the 1st day following the aging process, whereas IPS e.max and Zirkonzahn displayed cytotoxic effects on the 2nd day and Day 7, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of;Zirkonzahn and IPS e.max was decreased on the 1st day and at the 2nd week, respectively. Conclusion: Several types of all-ceramic substructures did not cause the same in vitro. responses. Finesse and Zirkonzahn did not carry high biologic risk. However, our results suggest that In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, Turkom Cera, and IPS e.max should not be considered as entirely biocompatible materials. Copyright (C) 2012, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Effects of Polyanhydride-Based Poly[(maleic anhydride)-co-(vinyl Acetate)] Conjugates Combined with Methotrexate and Gemcitabine in Breast Cancer Treatment(Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Tunc, Tutku; Karakus, Gulderen; Sumer, ZeynepStudies aimed at increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and reducing or completely eliminating their side effects are frequently encountered. In our study, we considered methotrexate (MTX), which is in the category of anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs, and gemcitabine (GEM), which is used in the treatment of breast, testicular, ovarian, etc. cancers. GEM, which is used in the treatment of breast, testicular, ovarian, etc. cancers, was covalently bonded to maleic anhydride vinyl acetate (MAVA) copolymer, and new polymer-drug conjugates (MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM) were obtained to reduce or eliminate the side effects of these drugs and to investigate the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of the new conjugates. The conjugation reaction was carried out in the presence of a triethylamine catalyst in dimethylformamide medium at 70 degrees C. Chemical structure elucidation of the copolymer (MAVA) and conjugates (MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM) was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Anticancer activity was determined by the MTT assay in MCF-7 (breast cancer), and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines. The synthesized copolymer and conjugate structures were proved by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. It was determined that the conjugates did not form an inhibition zone on the test microorganisms. MIC values were found to be moderately effective compared with reference sources. The anticancer activities of MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM conjugates were significantly higher than those of methotrexate and GEM. The higher anticancer activity of the synthesized MAVA-MTX and MAVA-GEM conjugates compared with the drug they contain suggests that they can be a potential drug candidate in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, the conjugates showed less toxic effect on a healthy L929 cell line at 6 different concentrations compared to free drugs. This can be shown as a significant improvement in reducing one of the most important side effects of the drug, such as toxicity.Öğe Investigation of flexural strength and cytotoxicity of acrylic resin copolymers by using different polymerization methods(KOREAN ACAD PROSTHODONTICS, 2015) Sahin, Onur; Ozdemir, Ali Kemal; Turgut, Mehmet; Boztug, Ali; Sumer, ZeynepPURPOSE. The aim of this study was to appraise the some mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate based denture base resin polymerized by copolymerization mechanism, and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of these copolymer resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) were added to monomers of conventional heat polymerized and injection-molded poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin contents of 2%, 3%, and 5% by volume and polymerization was carried out. Three-point bending test was performed to detect flexural strength and the elasticity modulus of the resins. To determine the statistical differences between the study groups, the Kruskall-Wallis test was performed. Then pairwise comparisons were performed between significant groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Agar-overlay test was performed to determine cytotoxic effect of copolymer resins. Chemical analysis was determined by FTIR spectrum. RESULTS. Synthesis of the copolymer was approved by FTIR spectroscopy. Within the conventional heat-polymerized group maximum transverse strength had been seen in the HEMA 2% concentration; however, when the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. In the injection-molded group, maximum transverse strength had been seen in the IBMA 2% concentration; also as the concentration ratio increased, the strength decreased. Only IBMA showed no cytotoxic effect at low concentrations when both two polymerization methods applied while HEMA showed cytotoxic effect in the injection-molded resins. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that IBMA and HEMA may be used in low concentration and at high temperature to obtain non-cytotoxic and durable copolymer structure.Öğe Research into biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of daptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin antibiotics at common doses added to bone cement(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2020) Kilinc, Seyran; Tunc, Tutku; Pazarci, Ozhan; Sumer, ZeynepObjectives: This study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of daptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin at commonly-used dose intervals added to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in vitro . Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted between February 2016 and June 2016. Antibiotics were added to PMMA at doses frequently used in clinical practice. The antibiotic doses added were teicoplanin (2 g, 3 g, 4 g), gentamicin (0.5 g, 0.75 g, 1 g), daptomycin (0.5 g.) and vancomycin (2 g, 3 g, 4 g). Standard cement balls (10 mm) were created. Activated L929 mouse fibroblast cell culture was used for incubation. Agar diffusion, Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) test and electron microscope investigations were performed to examine biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Results: In the cytotoxicity test, teicoplanin at 4 g and daptomycin at 0.5 g doses were observed to cause reductions in viability percentages. The same doses caused 20% and 20-40% cell lysis indices during the agar diffusion test. On electron microscope images, cytotoxic effects in fibroblast cells and involvement with the surface of cement balls were observed. Conclusion: Gentamicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were observed to be non-toxic and biocompatible at commonly-used dose intervals. Teicoplanin at 4 g and daptomycin at 0.5 g doses were identified to be cytotoxic and not biocompatible. When selecting antibiotics to be added to bone cement, care should be taken that the antibiotic is non-toxic and biocompatible.Öğe The role of apoptosis and protective effect of carnitine in contralateral testicular injury in experimental unilateral testicular torsion(TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2009) Cankorkmaz, Levent; Koyluoglu, Gokhan; Ozer, Hatice; Yildiz, Esin; Sumer, Zeynep; Ozdemir, OzturkBACKGROUND We examined the role of programmed cell death (PCD) in the etiology of contralateral testis injury as well as the protective effect of carnitine. METHODS Thirty-six Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into six groups as control, sham, torsion-detorsion with 6- and 24-hour intervals, and torsion-detorsion-carnitine administration with 6- and 24-hour intervals. The left testes of all rats were torsioned 720 degrees. Intraperitoneal carnitine was administered to groups as 100 mg/kg one hour before detorsion. Orchiectomy was applied to the contralateral testis a week after detorsion. Testes were examined with respect to diameters of seminiferous tubules (DST), ratios of malonyl dialdehyde and Johnsen biopsy scores (JBS), and PCD ratios. Results were evaluated by ANOVA test. RESULTS Programmed cell death ratios were significantly higher in the torsion-detorsion with 6- and 24-hour intervals groups compared to the sham group. Those increases were more prominent in the torsion-detorsion with 24-hour interval group. DST and JBS of the control group were significantly higher than in the experimental groups (p<0.05). The protective effect of carnitine was significant in the 24-hour torsion group, while no significant difference were detected in the 6-hour torsion-detorsion-carnitine group. CONCLUSION Increased injury and PCD in the contralateral testis was observed with prolonged exposure time in this model. It was possible to decrease the injury with carnitine.
