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Öğe Determination of reproductive response to different synchronization methods and profitability during the transition to anoestrus in multiparous Kangal sheep(Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2024) Takci, Abdurrahman; Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Murat, Hakan; Yuksel, MuratThe aim of the study was to determine a reproductively and economically successful synchronization method for Kangal sheep during the transition period from the breeding season to anoestrus. A total of 212 Kangal sheep were divided into three groups. On day 0, a sponge containing progesterone (P4) hormone was inserted intravaginally into the animals of Group 1 (n = 75). The sponges were removed 9 days later, and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) hormones were injected. Animals in Group 2 (n = 65) were given PGF2 alpha hormone at 9-day intervals. In addition to the second PGF2 alpha injection, eCG was also administered. A double dose of PGF2 alpha was administered to animals in Group 3 (n = 72) at 9-day intervals. The animals in this group were administered eCG along with the first PGF2 alpha injection. As a result of the applications, Group 1 showed a higher rate of oestrous than the other two groups (P < 0.05). There was no difference in pregnancy rates between Group 1 and the other groups. The pregnancy rate of Group 2 was significantly lower than that of Group 3. While there was no difference between the groups regarding multiple pregnancies, the fertility rate of Group 3 was higher than in the other two groups. Cost evaluations showed that the synchronization technique used in Group 3 was the most cost-effective. It was determined that the synchronization method used in Group 3 is preferred for Kangal sheep during the transition period.Öğe Determination of the causative agent of periparturient period interdigital dermatitis that adversely affects reproduction and milk production in cows by MALDI-TOF(Revista Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 2023) Takci, Abdurrahman; Mogulkoc, Mahmut Niyazi; Sancak, Tunahan; Kivrak, Mehmet BugraIn recent years, problems associated with high milk yield in dairy cows have increased considerably. Today, interdigital dermatitis (ID) is one of the most significant problems across the dairy industry, threatening animal health and welfare and inducing serious productivity losses. The etiology and mechanism of damage caused by this disease, which disrupts quality of life, milk yield, and reproduction, have not yet been fully understood. In order to achieve the study objectives, 40 biparous cows (3 years old - second calving) that had lameness associated with ID from prepartum day 30 to postpartum day 60 (Study group) and 40 biparous cows (3 years old) without lameness symptoms during the specified period (Control group) constituted the material of the present study. There was no difference in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood samples collected from those animals during the dry period (45-60 days before parturition; P=0.38). There were differences between the groups in certain parameters, including beta-hydroxybutyric acid level in the postpartum period, weight loss in the first month, number of ovarian cysts in the first 60 days, milk production in the first month, and the first corpus luteum determination process. (P<0.001) There was no difference between the groups in terms of reproductive parameters (mode of delivery, litter viability, litter weight, litter weight, expulsion of membranes, etc.) and presence of infection (acute puerperal metritis) during birth (P>0.05 for all parameters). In addition to all of the above, Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica bacteria were isolated for the first time in microbiological samples collected from ID, which is a significant condition for dairy cows during the periparturient stage, contributing to the etiology of the disease, which has not been understood so far.Öğe Determination of the efficacy of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) administrations on reproductive performance, placentation, parturition, and neonatal parameters on different post-mating days in Kangal ewes sexually induced during anestrus(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Takci, Abdurrahman; Kivrak, Mehmet BugraThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of post mating human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) during anestrus on the formation of the accessory corpus luteum and some reproductive parameters. For this purpose. after synchronization of all the animal were divided into group 1 (n=100), group 2 (n=100), and group 3 (n=100) by applying 600 IU of hCG 6 d after sponge removal, 600 IU of hCG 8 d after sponge removal, and no hCG application (Control), respectively. The difference between groups in terms of reproductive parameters such as estrus, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, litter size, and productivity was not statistically significant. The live birth weight of lambs was evaluated for singletons, twins, and triplets. The difference between group 1 and the control group was statistically significant in singleton lambs (P=0.04). The difference between group 1 and control (P<0.001) and between group 2 and control (P<0.001) was statistically significant for twins. In triplets, group 1 was different from both groups (P<0.001) and group 2 was different from the control group (P<0.001). In addition, when the placenta weight and the daily body weight gain of singleton lamb in the neonatal stage were examined, the values of both groups that were administered with post mating hCG were higher than the control group (P<0.001). The Progesterone (P-4) level in blood samples taken on the 21(st) d of pregnancy was found to be different between all groups. Furthermore, P-4 levels were found to be higher in group 1 compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). In the light of these findings, it was determined that hCG administration after mating contributed to placenta and offspring development by elevating P-4 levels. It was concluded that hCG should be administered 6 d after the sponge will be removed (on d 5 postmating) for optimal efficacy.Öğe Early prognostic markers to predict unsuccessful pregnancy in dairy cattle(Wiley, 2024) Yokus, Beran; Takci, Abdurrahman; Ercan, Nazli; Em, Bernan; Uysal, ErsinThis study aimed to investigate maternal serum levels of some angiogenic factors and certain proteins in dairy cattle for (1) early prediction of unsuccessful fertilization and (2) early detection of possible pregnancy failures (early EM) after positive insemination Serum samples were collected from the same cattle at three distinct time points: 30 days before artificial insemination (B-AI), on the day of artificial insemination (AI), and 30 days after artificial insemination (A-AI). As a result of the pregnancy examination, the cows were divided into two main groups according to whether they were pregnant. The results showed that leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) concentration was significantly decreased B-AI and Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP-3), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and LNPEP levels were significantly decreased on day of AI, while PRL level was increased, and these data have prognostic significance as early indicator of the risk of potentially failed pregnancy. Additionally, a significant decrease in LNPEP, SFRP3, and VEGF levels, along with an increase in PRL levels was also observed in A-AI. These results suggest that these biomarkers can be used as a screening test to monitor the course of pregnancy. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2), Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), angiopoietin (ANG), Endoglin (ENG), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Inhibine-A (INH-A) and Transforming growth factors-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) between the evaluated periods neither unsuccessful nor the successful pregnancy groups. This is the first study reporting that the maternal serum levels of LNPEP, SFRP3, VEGF, and PRL have important roles in pregnancy success and may indicate whether insemination outcome will be successful B-AI and predict the risk of unsuccessful pregnancy after AI in dairy cattle. The increase in such studies will allow the development of more specific, practical, and applicable markers.Öğe Effect of additional progesterone treatment during intravaginal progesterone priming in anestrous ewes(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2023) Takci, Abdurrahman; Kivrak, Mehmet BugraOestrus induction with intravaginal progesterone is the most preferred method in anoestrus sheep. In previous studies it was argued that the decrease in the progesterone level before the sponge is removed reduces the efficiency. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that additional progesterone treatment during the progesterone priming in anestrous ewes could increase the reproductive efficiency of the induction. The study conducted on 261 Kangal sheep, which were pregnant in autumn and gave birth in spring and breastfed their lambs for about 60-75 days. All animals included in the study were randomly divided into 3 different groups as P-7 (n = 86), P-8 (n = 80) and control (n = 95). At the beginning of the study a progesterone impregnated sponge was placed to all ewes (Day 0). During sponge treatment, an injection of progesterone was given to P-7 and P-8 group 7 and 8 days after the was sponge placed, respectively. As for control group, no additional progesterone was given during sponge treatment. All groups received 500 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin at the sponge withdrawal. Ram was introduced to all ewes the 10th days of the study. There was no difference between the groups in terms of estrus rate (P = 0.28), pregnancy rate (P = 0.32) and multiple pregnancy rates (P = 0.38) (P = 0.28). We considered that the main reason for unexpected low progesterone concentration at the end of the treatment might be the result of high feed intake and metabolic rate. On the other hand, this additional dose could be caused by an excessive increase in progesterone levels in the sheep, which could be the reason for the decrease in reproductive parameters. Additional progesterone support during progesterone -based synchronization yielded acceptable results. However, progesterone can be administered in injection form in the earlier days of synchronization or before sponge insertion to obtain better results.Öğe Effects of Heat-Stress on Oocyte Number and Quality and In Vitro Embryo Production in Holstein Heifers(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2022) Cizmeci, Sakine Ulkum; Dinc, Dursun Ali; Yesilkaya, Omer Faruk; Ciftci, Muhammed Furkan; Takci, Abdurrahman; Bucak, Mustafa NumanBackground: This study aimed to determine the effects of environmental temperature on the number and quality of oocytes and embryo production rates obtained by performing ovum pick up (OPU). Heat stress leads to long-term, short-term, visible, and invisible effects in dairy cows. Its effects on reproduction are evident in all stages, from oocyte development to birth. Disturbance in ovarian follicle development, follicular dominance deficiency, anoestrus, polyspermia, embryonic losses, decreased fetal growth, and abortion are some examples of responses to these effects. The aim of the present study was aimed to determine the effects of ambient temperature on oocyte quality and number and embryo production rates. Materials, Methods & Results: The animal material used in this study comprised 10 Holstein heifers. At the beginning of the study, the heifers were 13-15 months old. OPU was performed at different times of the year, and weather conditions were recorded. Grouping according to ambient temperature was done as < 10 degrees C (group 1), 10-25 degrees C (group 2), and > 25 degrees C (group 3). The veterinary ultrasonography device and a set of compatible intravaginal OPU probe, catheter, and aspiration device were used for OPU application. All antral follicles with diameters of 2-8 mm in the ovaries were aspirated. The aspirated follicle fluids were examined under a stereo microscope, and the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected and classified according to their structure. A, B, and C-quality oocytes were included in the in vitro embryo production process. After performing 69 OPUs on random days of the cycle, the number of oocytes per OPU was found to be 8.72, 6.32, and 6.85 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of viable oocytes per OPU was 6.83, 4.64, and 4.65 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.05). The statistical difference between the first group and the other groups was significant for cleavage and blastocyst counts (P < 0.05). Discussion: All the negative effects of heat stress on animals resulted from the increased body temperature. Reproductive performance is adversely affected by high temperatures and humidity during periods of high ambient temperatures. Metabolic heat is released, and the heat load increases due to the metabolism of nutrients in cattle. Internal body temperature is regulated via the dissipation of metabolic heat to the environment. The amount of heat dissipated via conduction and convection depends on the unit body weight, surface area, skin and coat color, difference in temperature gradient of the animal and ambient temperature, and humidity. In the present study, it was determined that the blastocyst development rates of the oocytes obtained in the warm season (>25 degrees C [group 3]) were lower than those of the other groups. It was concluded that this may be because the oocytes developed under chronic heat stress in the animals, and several cycles were required to enhance oocyte quality and developmental potential. Additional studies are needed to investigate the response of oocytes obtained with OPU to heat stress during embryonic developmental stages and to determine the sensitivity and effects of embryonic tissue damage according to developmental stages. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that performing OPU and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) when the ambient temperature is close to the thermoneutral limits may increase the blastocyst development rates.Öğe Evaluation of hormonal protocols for induction of synchronized estrus on reproductive indices in Kangal-Akkaraman ewes during the outbreeding season(Elsevier, 2022) Cizmeci, Sakine Ulkum; Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Takci, Abdurrahman; Dinc, Dursun Ali; Coskun, BehicThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) treatment before sponge insertion and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration in ewes which were either pregnant or non-pregnant during the previous breeding season. In the study, 375 (3-6-year-old) Kangal-Akkaraman ewes that conceived or did not conceive in the preceding breeding season, and 36 rams (3-6-year-old) were used. The sheep were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Blood samples were taken before stimulation (day 4), the day stimulation was initiated (day 0), after stimulation (day 9), on the mating day (days 11-12). AMH concentrations were measured in the samples taken on 4th day. As a conventional method, a sponge containing 20 mg of flugeston acetate (Chronogest (R) CR, MSD, Turkey) was placed intravaginally (day 0) into to study ewes. The ewes were intramuscularly administered 131.5 mu g prostaglandin F2 alpha (Estrumate, MSD, Turkey) and 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (Chronogest (R) PMSG 6000, MSD, Turkey) simultaneously with sponge removal 9 days after insertion. No other treatment was applied to group 5 which served as control. Ewes in groups 1, 2, and 3 received an intramuscular injection of GnRH (4.2 mu g of Buserelin acetate, Receptal, MSD, Turkey) at the time of insertion of progesterone sponge. GnRH or 600 IU hCG (Chorulon (R), MSD, UK) was administered 4 days prior to sponge insertion for the ewes in the groups 2, and 3, respectively. As for the group 5 group, hCG (instead of GnRH) was administered to the ewes at the beginning of the progesterone treatment. Ewes in estrus were detected with a teaser ram and taken into a different pen with rams. Transrectal ultrasonography (Mindray DP50/Vet/US, rectal probe) was achieved during days the 30-35 following mating. Transabdominal ultrasonography was achieved during days 60-65 to detect late embryonic and early fetal death. The estrus rate was 71.19 % out of breeding season for all ewes. The pregnancy rate on day 30 post-mating was 32 % in the control group and was 31.00 %. No significant differences were observed between groups for pregnancy rates on day 30. The mean pregnancy rate in sheep that conceived and did not conceived in the preceding breeding season of the study was 32.03 % and 32.06 % respectively (P > 0.05). After treatments, AMH concentrations in non-pregnant were significantly higher than pregnant ewes (P < 0.005). In conclusion, although the AMH concentration is significantly higher in non-pregnant ewes, the AMH concentration may not be a suitable biomarker to predict induction success outside breeding season. Progesterone-based protocols may achieve an acceptable reproductive outcome in lactating ewes and the ones which experienced infertility.Öğe Pulse wave Doppler ultrasound of umbilical cord in experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in sheep(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Turk, Sefer; Takci, Abdurrahman; Bolukbas, Bora; Agaoglu, Recep Taha; Coskun, AlparslanContrary to its widespread use in human cases, the use of Doppler ultrasonography is only recently becoming prevalent in farm animals. This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal metabolic and clinical changes on fetal hemodynamics during pregnancy toxemia with the doppler examination of umbilical cord. In the study twenty ewes with a single healthy fetus were included in the study. At the end of the 120th day of pregnancy, 20 single-bearing pregnant ewes were randomly categorized into two groups. Ewes in the control group were fed to meet all nutritional requirements. On the other contrary, the experimental ewes were fed to meet equivalent to 50 % of the daily needs and then fasted for 96 h. Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of umbilical cord were performed once every two days and once a day during fasting. Beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration was measured by taking blood from sheep on examination days. Pulse systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), PSV/EDV, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and fetal heart rate (FHR) as well as BHBA values and how those parameters has changed over time (time by treatment effect) due to energy deprivation during pregnancy were evaluated using repeated measure analysis of variance. No clinical signs were observed in both toxemia and control groups during restricted feeding. BHBA concentration increased and there was a significant time, time by treatment and main effect of treatment effect between groups. No significant main effect of treatment and time by treatment interaction was observed in the changes of PI, RI, FHR, and systolic/diastolic velocity values over time in both groups. FHR was reduced over time, and there was a significant time effect in FHR in both groups. Although doppler indices didn't increase, both PSV and EDV values increased significantly in the pregnancy toxemia group compared with the controls (Time P = 0.03, time by treatment interaction P < 0.05) and the main effect of treatment P < 0.05). The marked increase in blood velocities (PSV and EDV) in the umbilical cord is probably due to the compensatory functioning for excessive energy deprivation of the fetus. Therefore, PSV and EDV might be a valuable indicator for evaluating the fetus's health status during the management of the PT.Öğe Stimulation of Estrus and Ovulation by Resynchronization in Kangal Sheep during Early Anestrus(MDPI, 2023) Takci, Abdurrahman; Dinc, Dursun AliA total of 100 Kangal sheep were divided into four groups with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of resynchronization during anestrus for the first time in the literature. The groups were then divided into two further subgroups, namely the resynchronization subgroup group (hCG+resynch) and group (resynch)) and the no resynchronization subgroup (Group (hCG) and group (control)). All the groups started with progesterone-containing sponge insertion on Day 7. The sponge was removed after 7 days (on Day 0), and 600 IU eCG + 131.5 mu g PGF2 alpha was injected. The animals in group (hCG+resynch) and group (hCG) received hCG injection at the time of sponge administration. Accordingly, four different groups were established, i.e., resynchronization + hCG administration group (hCG+resynch); n:25), no resynchronization + hCG administration (group (hCG); n:25), resynchronization + no hCG administration (group (resynch); n:25), and no resynchronization + no hCG administration (Group (control); n:25). Estrus rates at the first application in group (hCG+resynch), group (hCG), group (resynch), and group (control) groups were 76%, 88%, 96%, and 76%, respectively, and pregnancy rates were 52%, 64%, 72%, and 60%, respectively; there were no intergroup statistical differences in the two parameters above. It was concluded that resynchronization performed with two consecutive stimulations during anestrus could help save time and provide a pregnancy rate at a level that can provide economic returns.Öğe The pharmacokinetics of sulpiride and its effect on sexual behaviours and LH concentrations in anestrous does (Capra hircus)(Elsevier, 2025) Yuksel, Murat; Corum, Orhan; Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Corum, Duygu Durna; Turk, Erdinc; Takci, Abdurrahman; Yardimci, Sara BusraThe aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sulpiride and its effect on sexual behaviours and LH concentrations in anestrous does (Capra hircus). This study was carried out in two stages: pharmacokinetics (stage I) and effect on LH pulsatility, concentration, and estrus display (stage II). In the stage I, sulpiride was administered via intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and oral routes to does at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg. In the stage II, sulpiride was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days. Plasma concentrations of sulpiride were measured using HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. LH concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The terminal elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and total body clearance of sulpiride following IV administration were 1.76 h, 0.38 L/kg, and 0.15 L/h/kg, respectively. The peak plasma concentration of IM and SC administration was 1.39 and 0.83 mu g/mL at 0.53 and 0.78 h, respectively. The bioavailability of sulpiride was 103.30 % for the IM route and 72.21 % for the SC route. Sulpiride showed erratic and low absorption after oral administration. While LH concentrations decreased significantly after sulpiride administration, the LH plus frequency increased significantly. In conclusion, sulpiride with distinctive effect on LH pulse frequency has the potential to be used in protocols for hastening cyclicity. However, more studies are needed on the use of sulpiride in estrus induction protocols.
