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    What is the Optimal Frequency for Ankle Muscles During Whole-Body Vibration Exercises?
    (Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2019) Tor, Omer Burak; Ecemis, Zeynep Berfu; Cobanoglu, Gamze; Suner-Keklik, Sinem; Kafa, Nihan; Soylu, Ruhi; Guzel, Nevin A.
    Usage of the whole-body vibration (WBV) is effective in preventing the ankle injuries caused by increasing neuromuscular activity. The aim of this study was to investigate effective frequencies for neuromuscular activity of ankle muscles. A single-group, repeated-measures study design was used. Twenty-three healthy subjects (age 23.91 +/- 3.07, BMI 22.66 +/- 3.39) participated in this study. This study investigated the effects of WBV on the EMG responses of the Tibialis Anterior (TA), Peroneus Longus (PL), Gastrocnemius Medial (GM) and Lateral heads (GL). The muscle activity was measured with an 8-channel EMG Noraxon MiniDTS system (Noraxon, USA, Inc, Scottsdale, AZ) during 0, 20, 40 and 60 Hz of vibration. The Physio Plate (R) vibration platform (Physio Plate (R), Domino S.R.L, San Vendemiano, Italy) was used to deliver mechanical vibration. Compared with no vibration condition; EMG activity of all ankle muscles were significantly increased from at 60 Hz (123 % in TA, 64 % in PL, 53 % in GM, 77 % in GL) (p<0.01). At 40 Hz of vibration frequency, EMG responses of GM and GL was significantly increased (27 % and 53%, respectively) (p<0.01). Only GL was significantly increased of 33 % at 20 Hz (p<0.01). It could be concluded that using higher frequencies at whole-body vibration exercises are more effective than lower frequencies on ankle muscles' EMG activities. During squat exercises on the WBV platform, higher frequencies should be used to increase ankle muscle activation.
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    WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EFFECT ON MUSCLE ACTIVATIONS: WHICH ONE IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE, LOW FREQUENCY OR HIGH FREQUENCY?
    (Turkey Assoc Physiotherapists, 2024) Ecemis, Zeynep Berfu; Tor, Omer Burak; Cobanoglu, Gamze; Suner-keklik, Sinem; Kafa, Nihan; Guzel, Nevin A.
    Purpose: Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a practice that passively applies mechanical oscillations to an individual from a support surface. The tonic vibration reflex response depends on the vibration localization, frequency, amplitude, and initial length of the muscle, but there is no consensus on what the optimal frequency should be. This study was conducted to examine the activation differences of lower extremity muscles at low and high frequencies during squat exercise on WBV. Methods: This study involved 16 healthy individuals (Age = 23.66 +/- 2.33 years, Body Mass Index = 22.59 +/- 3.86 kg/m2). WBV application was performed on a vertical vibration platform (GLOBUS Physioplate (R)). Participants performed static half-squats on WBV for 20 seconds under vibrating (20 Hz and 60 Hz; 2-3 mm amplitude) conditions. An 8-channel Electromyography (EMG) Noraxon MiniDTS system was used to measure the activation of the Gluteus Medius (GMed), Gluteus Maximus (GMax), Vastus Lateralis (VL), and Vastus Medialis (VM) muscles. Results: It was observed that there was a difference between the two frequencies for the activation of the VM, VL, and GMed muscles (p = 0.004, 0.001, 0.002, respectively). Vibration frequencies of GMed, VL, and VM muscle activities at high frequency were increased compared to low frequency. GMax did not show any statistically significant change between the two vibration conditions (p=0.013). Conclusions: Physiotherapists and trainers should prefer high frequencies in WBV applications, especially when they need to improve the neuromuscular response in the quadriceps and gluteus medius muscles.