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Öğe Airborne-particle abrasion; searching the right parameter(ELSEVIER TAIWAN, 2018) Coskun, Mehmet Emre; Akar, Turker; Tugut, FaikBackground/ purpose: Air-particle abrasion process used to increase surface roughness in order to increase metal-ceramic bond strength varies in each study. This study aims to optimize the air-particle abrasion protocol. Material and methods: 820 cylindrical nickel-chrome specimens divided equally into 82 groups (n:10). The specimens' s surfaces were air-particle abraded with 50, 110, 250 mm Al2O3 at 25, 50,75 psi for 10, 20, 30 s at a distance of 10, 20, 30 mm. To determine the surface roughness, profilometer and atomic force microscope were used. Veneering ceramic was fired onto the specimens and shear bond tests were performed with a universal testing machine. Statistical analyzed were performed using analysis of variance (Kolmogorove-Smirnov). Results: The difference of surface roughness between all groups were statistically significant (P <. 05). The highest surface roughness value was measured in 110 mm, 75 psi, 20 mm and 30 s. The higher bond strength values were obtained in 110 mm, 75 psi groups and no statistically significant difference was observed within each group. Conclusion: While all the air-particle abrasion parameters were effective on surface roughness, only the pressure and grain size make statistically significant difference on shear bond strength. (C) 2018 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Elsevier B. V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.Öğe Applied and computational investigation of plasticizing effects of dibutyl maleate on polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin material(Elsevier, 2024) Tugut, Faik; Bolayir, Giray; Gulnahar, Evrem; Kaya, Savas; Boztug, Ali; Maslov, Mikhail M.In this study, the amount of change in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA was analyzed by DSC by adding different ratios of dibutyl maleate (DBM) plasticizer to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which is used as the main ingredient of prosthetics in dentistry. For this, liquid DBM was added to powdered PMMA at a rate of 2, 5, 8 and 15 % by mass, and polymerization was carried out at 100 degrees C. Mechanical tests such as impact resistance, transverse resistance and maximum flexion tests were applied to these prepared mixtures. It was observed that there was a significant parallelism between the Tg values calculated from the DSC curves and the mechanical tests. The Tg value of PMMA was reduced by approximately half with the addition of DBM plasticizer. Additionally, the chemical interaction between PMMA and DBM was analyzed in the light of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The binding energy for the mentioned interaction was determined as 1.591 eV. After both species interacted with each other, the glass transition temperature of the formed complex system was theoretically also predicted through the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model. For theoretical prediction of Tg, the molecular traceless quadrupole moment Theta and the molecular average hexadecapole moment phi, are used. The change determined as experimental in glass transition temperature as a result of the interaction between PMMA and DBM was supported with theoretical calculations. Experimental and theoretical data are in good agreement.Öğe Assessment of Body Image and Quality of Sexual Life of Women Using Intraoral Prosthesis: A Follow-Up Study(SPRINGER, 2015) Tugut, Nilufer; Tugut, Faik; Ata, ElvanThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of using intraoral prosthesis on women's body image and sexual quality of life. This study was performed as a crosssectional study. The study sample included 60 women who presented to a prosthodontics department in Turkey. The study data were collected with the Personal Information Form, The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female (SQLQ-F). After filling in the forms, they were examined by a dentist. Prostheses were made in approximately 15 days and placed (inserted) into the patient's mouth. The SQLQ-F and MBSRQ were readministered to the women 6 months after they started with their prostheses. The participants' sexual quality of life changed for the better after they used fixed or removable prostheses. While perceived body image of the participants using fixed prostheses changed positively, there was no change in the body image perception of the participants using removable prostheses. The mean scores obtained from the Appearance Evaluation and the Body-Areas Satisfaction subscales by the participants using fixed and removable prostheses at baseline significantly increased at the sixth-month follow-up.Öğe Comparison of Bond Strength of Soft Denture Liner on the Denture Base Materials Produced by Different Methods and Effect of Thermocycling(Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2024) Tugut, Faik; Koyu, Tugce; Turkyilmaz, OrhunAim: This study set out to determine the tensile bond strength between denture bases (produced by 3D printing technology, conventional technique, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing [CAD/CAM] milled) and silicone-based soft lining material. The consequence of thermocycling on the bonding strength was also investigated. Materials and Methods: The bonding between denture foundation materials produced through three distinct techniques (conventional, CAD/CAM milled, and 3D printed) and silicone-based soft lining material was examined. Before tensile testing, half of the samples underwent thermocycling (5-55 degrees C, 5,000 cycles) in 37 degrees C distilled water for 48 hours. A universal testing apparatus employed a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The failure type was identified visually, and the maximum tensile strength was noted. The Shapiro-Wilk test and analysis of variances (P = .05) were used to assess the statistics. Results: CAD/CAM milled denture base material (1.56 +/- 0.62/1.36 +/- 0.16 MPa) showed higher bond strength values than the other denture bases in the tensile test conducted before and after thermocycling (P < .001). The denture base material made conventionally had the lowest bond strength (1.02 +/- 0.24/0.77 +/- 0.1 MPa) (P < .001). The tensile bond strength values of the conventional and 3D printing groups showed a statistically significant drop before and after thermocycling (P = .001). Regardless of thermocycling, adhesive failure was primarily seen in all groups (76.6%). Conclusion: Compared to conventionally produced denture bases, the bond strength of soft relining materials to CAD/CAM milled and 3D printed denture base is different. In denture base materials that are conventionally, CAD/CAM and 3D printed, the thermocycling method reduced bonding strength values.Öğe Effect of Er:YAG laser application on the shear bond strength and microleakage between resin cements and Y-TZP ceramics(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2012) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Akin, Gulsah Emine; Guney, Umit; Mutaf, BurcuThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on shear bond strength and microleakage between resin cements and yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics. Eighty disc specimens of Y-TZP ceramics (6 mm x 4 mm) were prepared. The specimens were divided into two groups according to surface treatment (control and Er:YAG laser-treated). The control and lased specimens were separated into two groups for shear bond strength test (n = 20), and microleakage evaluation (n = 10). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test by a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Specimens for microleakage evaluation were then sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, sectioned, and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests (alpha = 0.05) for shear bond strengths and a two related-samples tests (alpha = 0.05) for microleakage scores. Higher bond strength values were found in the laser-treated groups compared to the control groups. Microleakage scores among the groups showed that the laser-treated specimens had lower microleakage scores than those of control specimens in the adhesive-ceramic interface. Roughening surface of Y-TZP ceramic by Er:YAG laser increased the shear bond strengths of ceramic to dentin and reduced the microleakage scores.Öğe Effects of boron on the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2021) Ozdemir, Ali Kemal; Dogan, Derya Ozdemir; Tugut, Faik; Demir, Hakan; Akin, HakanPurpose The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of different types of boron (Borax, Boric Acid and Colemanite) to polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin would improve flexural and impact strengths, and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate. Materials and Methods Borax, Boric acid, Colemanite were added to heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate specimens were prepared for flexural strength (65x10x2.5 mm), impact strength (50x6x4 mm), and hardness (20x6x4 mm) tests according to the manufacturers' instructions (n=10). To determine flexural strength of the specimens, they were loaded until failure on a universal testing machine using a three point bending test. Specimens were subjected to the Charpy impact test machine. Hardness of the specimens was measured with an analog shoremeter Shore D. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05). Results The highest mean flexural strength value was seen in 3% Borax group and followed by 1% Colemanite group. In addition, the highest mean impact strength value was recorded in 1% Colemanite group, and differences between 1% Colemanite group and control group were found to be statistically significant (p=0,001). Furthermore, there was significant difference in hardness between control group and all other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion The addition of 1% Colemanite to polymethyl methacrylate improved the mechanical properties of PMMA.Öğe Effects of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Acrylic Denture Teeth to Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Material(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2014) Akin, Hakan; Kirmali, Omer; Tugut, Faik; Coskun, Mehmet EmreObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various surface pretreatments in the ridge lap area of acrylic resin denture teeth on the shear bond strength to heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin. Background data: Tooth debonding of the denture is a major problem for patients with removable prostheses. Methods: A total of 84 central incisor denture teeth were used in this study. Seven test groups with 12 specimens for each group were prepared as follows: untreated (control, group C), ground, with a tungsten carbide bur (group H), airborne-particle abrasion (group AA), primed with methyl methacrylate (group M), treated with izobutyl methacrylate (group iBMA), Eclipse Bonding Agent applied (group E), and Er:YAG laser irradiated (group L). Test specimens were produced according to the manufacturers' instructions and mounted to a universal testing machine for shear testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were evaluated by one way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results: Similar bond strength values were found between groups L and M, and these were the highest shear bond strengths among the groups. The lowest one was observed in group E. All surface treatments, except group E, exhibited significant difference when compared with group C (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lasing of the ridge lap area to enhance the bond strength of acrylic resin denture teeth to PMMA denture base resin might be an alternative to wetting with MMA monomer. To overcome tooth debonding, surface treatment of the ridge lap area should be performed as part of denture fabrication.Öğe Effects of Sandblasting and Laser Irradiation on Shear Bond Strength of Low-fusing Porcelain to Titanium(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2013) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Topcuoglu, Sedef; Kirmali, OmerPurpose: To investigate the bond strength of low-fusing porcelain to commercially pure titanium (Ti) that was laser irradiated with different levels of energy and sandblasted. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 titanium rods (10 mm in length and 12 mm in diameter) were prepared. The rods were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to surface treatments: SB: sandblasted; L1: Nd: YAG laser irradiated at 100 mJ, 10 Hz, and 1 W; L2: Nd: YAG laser irradiated at 200 mJ, 10 Hz, and 2 W. After surface treatment, low-fusing porcelain was applied onto the titanium specimens according to the manufacturer's instructions, and these specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 C for 24 h. The shear bond strength test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. In addition, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the bond strength results (alpha = 0.05). SEM and EDS analysis were also performed for one specimen of each group after the shear bond strength test to evaluate the nature of the fracture surface. Results: Group L2 produced the highest shear bond strength among the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between groups L1 and L2 (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between groups SB and L1. EDS analysis revealed that laser treatment reduced presence of oxygen on the surface of Ti. In contrast to the sandblasted specimens, laser-irradiated specimens showed predominantly adhesive failure. Conclusion: Laser treatment may be an alternative method to sandblasting for enhancing the bond strength of low-fusing porcelain to commercially pure titanium.Öğe Evaluation of Surface Treatment on The Surface Roughness and Candida Albicans Adhesion of Denture Base Materials in Common Beverages(Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2025) Saygin, Ayşegul Goze; Tugut, Faik; Tunc, Tutku; Okutan, Esmanur KaranfilObjectives: This study compares the surface roughness and microbial adhesion of the denture base materials(DBMs) on which various surface treatments are applied and immersed in beverages. Materials and Methods: 240 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from different DBMs; autopolymerized acrylic resin, heat-polymerised acrylic resin and urethan dimethacrylate resin. The samples were divided into two main groups according to applied surface treatment methods; conventional polishing(Cp) and optiglaze (Og) surface sealant agent. Subgroups were created according to the beverage (distilled water, black tea, coffee, and cola) (n=10). After the initial surface roughness measured, and the measurement was repeated on the 14th day. One sample of each group was submitted to bacterial adhesion and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were statistically analysed with Kruskall Wallis and t-test by using SPPS 22.0. Results: When the Ra0 and Ra1 values were compared, the mean Ra values increased for all groups. Statistically significance was found between the DBMs for Og compared to Cp(p<0.05). Black tea beverage had been shown to affect all DBMs treated with Og. The highest C.albicans adhesion was found in GroupI-Cp which was kept in cola whereas the lowest adhesion was shown in GroupI-Og, aged in distilled water. Conclusions: Og surface sealant may be applied as an alternative to Cp. However, the surface roughness of DBMs increase dependent on the consumption habits and microbial adhesion occurs. © (2025), (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry). All rights reserved.Öğe In Vitro Comparison of the Cytotoxicity and Water Sorption of Two Different Denture Base Systems(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Polat, Zubeyde AkinPurposeDenture base resins have the potential to cause cytotoxicity in vivo, and the mechanical properties of resins are affected by water sorption. There is a correlation between residual monomer and water sorption. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate water sorption and cytotoxicity of light-activated urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) denture base resin compared to a conventional heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. Materials and MethodsTwo denture base resins, heat-activated PMMA (Meliodent) and light-activated UDMA (Eclipse), were used in this study. Cytotoxicity (5 x 1 mm(2)) and water sorption (1 x 1 mm(2)) specimens were made following the manufacturers' instructions (n = 10). Cytotoxicity tests of denture base resins were performed according to ISO10993-5:1999, and water sorption was evaluated according to ISO 1567:1997. ANOVA tests were employed for evaluating data ( = 0.05). ResultsThere was no cytotoxic effect in either the PMMA or UDMA group. In addition, contrary to short-term water storage, a significantly lower water sorption value was shown for UDMA resins compared to PMMA resins in both 3- and 6-month storage periods (p = 0.043 and p = 0.002, respectively). ConclusionThe tested denture base materials adhered to the ISO standards for both cytotoxicity and water sorption. The cytotoxicity of the light-activated UDMA resin tested was statistically similar to that of the heat-activated PMMA resin; however, the UDMA resin exhibited decreased water sorption in long-term water storage.Öğe INFLUENCE OF CONCENTRATIONS OF METHACRYLATE AND ACRYLATE MONOMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF FIBER REINFORCED POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE DENTURE BASE MATERIALS(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP ZOO, 2018) Tugut, Faik; Turgut, Mehmet; Saraydin, DursunThe study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), ethyl methacrylate (EA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced heat-polymerized acrylic resin. For each test, 126 acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 6 groups with 7 specimens each. One group was the control group, the other one is a fiber reinforced group and others were the test groups, which were formed according to the different concentrations of monomers. 6 mm length, and the weight ratio of 3% short glass fibers are added to acrylic powder polymerized by heating. The 2%, 5%, 10%, at 20 % ratios of different comonomers added to a monomer of MMA are composed of copolymer structures. Flexural strength was assessed with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine. Impact strength testing was conducted using an impact test machine by the Charpy method. The analysis of the connection between acrylic resin and fiber by SEM and structural changes in the acrylic resin was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Data analyses using analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05) significant difference tests showed that adding 2%, 5% HEMA and IBMA monomers significantly increased the flexural and impact strength compared to the control, only fiber and others group (P<0.05). It is observed that the process of adding low concentration of HEMA and IBMA monomers improved certain mechanical properties of fiber reinforced with polymethylmethacrylate.Öğe Investigation of bonding properties of denture bases to silicone-based soft denture liner immersed in isobutyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(KOREAN ACAD PROSTHODONTICS, 2014) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Mutaf, Burcu; Guney, UmitPURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bonding properties of denture bases to silicone-based soft denture liners immersed in isobutyl methacrylate (iBMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) for various lengths of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) test specimens were fabricated (75 mm in length, 12 mm in diameter at the thickest section, and 7 mm at the thinnest section) and then randomly assigned to five groups (n=15); untreated (Group 1), resilient liner immersed in iBMA for 1 minute (Group 2), resilient liner immersed in iBMA for 3 minutes (Group 3), resilient liner immersed in HEMA for 1 minute (Group 4), and resilient liner immersed in HEMA for 3 minutes (Group 5). The resilient liner specimens were processed between 2 PMMA blocks. Bonding strength of the liners to PMMA was compared by tensile test with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were evaluated by 1-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests (alpha=0.05). RESULTS. The highest mean value of force was observed in Group 3 specimens. The differences between groups were statistically significant (P<.05), except between Group 1 and Group 4 (P=.063). CONCLUSION. Immersion of silicone-based soft denture liners in iBMA for 3 minutes doubled the tensile bond strength between the silicone soft liner and PMMA denture base materials compared to the control group.Öğe Investigation of Impact Strength, Water Sorption and Cytotoxicity of Denture Base Resin Reinforced with Polypropylene Fiber: In Vitro Study(Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2020) Tugut, Faik; Coskun, Mehmet Emre; Akin, Hakan; Dogan, Derya OzdemirAim: Polymethyl methacrylate is the common material used as a denture base. Ease of application, stability in the oral environment are its advantages; however, its mechanical properties should be enhanced. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of polypropylene fiber (PPF) in addition to denture base materials on impact strength, water sorption, and cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Heat-cure acrylic resin specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's instruction by adding PPFs of 6 mm length in different ratios (1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 wt%). In order to determine the impact strength, specimens were subjected to a Charpy impact test machine after being kept in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 48 h. A span of 40 mm was adjusted and a 0.5 J pendulum was used. The fractured surface of specimens was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, mouse fibroblast cells and agar diffusion tests were used for cytotoxicity determination. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests for determining impact strength, and Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's range tests were performed for determining water sorption values (P = 0.05). Results: 5 wt% PPF group exhibited the highest water sorption and impact strength values, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). On the other hand, no cytotoxic effects were determined in PPF added groups. Furthermore, increased fiber concentration caused less water sorption. Conclusion: Addition of PPFs in acrylic resin increased the impact strength and decreased water sorption without any cytotoxic effects.Öğe Shear Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Two Chemically Different Denture Base Resins after Various Surface Treatments(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Guney, Umit; Akar, Turker…Öğe Tensile Bond Strength between Soft Liners and Two Chemically Different Denture Base Materials: Effect of Thermocycling(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016) Tugut, Faik; Coskun, Mehmet Emre; Dogan, Derya Ozdemir; Kirmali, Omer; Akin, HakanPurpose: The bond strength of soft denture liner to a recently introduced denture base resin after thermocycling has not been compared to traditional denture base materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thermocycling on the tensile bond strength of soft denture liners to two chemically different denture base resins, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). Materials and Methods: A total of 48 PMMA and UDMA tensile test specimens were fabricated by attaching two different soft denture liners (Molloplast-B, Permaflex) according to the manufacturers' instructions and assigned to two groups. Half of the specimens for each group were stored in water for 1 week, and the other half were thermocycled (5000 cycles) between baths of 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Specimens were mounted on a universal testing machine with a 5 mm/min crosshead speed. The data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: The highest bond strength was measured in the specimens from the UDMA/Molloplast groups, and the lowest was seen in the PMMA/Permaflex group. No significant difference in bond strength was detected in PMMA/Permaflex groups after thermocycling (p = 0.082), whereas other groups exhibited significant differences after thermocycling (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Thermocycling decreased the bond strength values in both the PMMA and UDMA groups. Regardless of types of soft liners, PMMA specimens presented lower bond strength values than UDMA specimens, both before and after thermocycling.Öğe Tensile bond strength of silicone-based soft denture liner to two chemically different denture base resins after various surface treatments(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2013) Akin, Hakan; Tugut, Faik; Guney, Umit; Kirmali, Omer; Akar, TurkerThis study evaluated the effect of various surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of a silicone-based soft denture liner to two chemically different denture base resins, heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and light-activated urethane dimethacrylate or Eclipse denture base resin. PMMA test specimens were fabricated and relined with a silicone-based soft denture liner (group AC). Eclipse test specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Before they were relined with a silicone-based soft denture liner, each received one of three surface treatments: untreated (control, group EC), Eclipse bonding agent applied (group EB), and laser-irradiated (group EL). Tensile bond strength tests (crosshead speed = 5 mm/min) were performed for all specimens, and the results were analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p = 0.05). Eclipse denture base and PMMA resins presented similar bond strengths to the silicone-based soft denture liner. The highest mean force was observed in group EL specimens, and the tensile bond strengths in group EL were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those in the other groups.Öğe Tensile bond strength of soft and hard relining materials to conventional and additively manufactured denture-base materials(Wiley, 2023) Koseoglu, Merve; Tugut, Faik; Akin, HakanPurpose Studies comparing tensile bond strength of various soft and hard denture liner materials to conventionally and additively manufactured denture base resins are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength between chair- and laboratory-side soft and hard relining materials and denture-base materials produced by additive manufacturing and conventional methods. Materials and methods A total of 120 dimethacrylate-based additively manufactured and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based conventionally fabricated dumbbell-shaped denture-base resins were produced. Heat-cured laboratory-side soft reline material, self-cured chair-side soft reline material, and self-cured chair-side hard reline material were attached to the denture bases. The tensile force was applied to the specimens with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The obtained data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at alpha = 0.05. Results The highest tensile bond strength values were obtained in the specimens from the conventionally manufactured base and self-cured chair-side hard reline material group, and the lowest was seen in the additively fabricated base and self-cured chair-side soft reline material group (p < 0.001). Conventionally manufactured base material's tensile bond strength was higher than that of additively fabricated resin, and self-cured chair-side hard reline material's strength was higher than that of laboratory-side and chair-side soft reline materials (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference emerged between laboratory-side and chair-side soft reline materials (p = 0.405). Conclusions All the specimens used in the present study had tensile bonding stress values for clinical use. Both denture base resins provided an increased bond to the chair-side hard relining material, although an improved bond did not emerge for the chair-side and laboratory-side soft denture reline materials.Öğe The Effect of Cooling Times on the Bonding Between Porcelain and Metal Alloys Fabricated by Different Techniques: In Vitro Study(Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2022) Unal, Emine; Tugut, FaikAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooling times on shear bond strength between cobalt-chromium metal frameworks fabricated by different techniques and veneering porcelain. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty cobalt-chromium metal ceramic samples were obtained by three different techniques (casting, milling, and laser sintering). During the porcelain firing, fast and slow cooling protocols were applied. Ten specimens from each group were determined for all groups. The shear bond strength of the metal ceramic samples was measured by a universal testing machine with a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. One sample from each group was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy analysis in terms of surface change and fracture morphology. Variance analysis and Tukey test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between groups. Results: It was seen that the difference between the bond strengths of the metal frameworks obtained by different techniques was statistically significant (P < .05). All groups except for difference between the bond strengths of all the frameworks metal groups with G-Ceram porcelain were statistically significant (P < .05). The best bond strengths that were statistically significant were fast cooling G-Ceram (19.65 +/- 2.65 MPa) with metal frameworks fabricated by laser sintering, fast cooling with metal framework fabricated by milling Noritake (19.17 +/- 2.91 MPa), and the metal framework fabricated by casting was found to be slow cooling Noritake (12.99 +/- 2.08 MPa) were seen. Conclusion: The porcelain cooling times had significant effect on the shear bond strength of porcelain to casting, milling and laser sintering alloys.
