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    First molecular detection of Canine Hemoplasmas in Sivas province in central part of Turkey
    (2021) Erol, Ufuk; Altay, Kürşat; Şahin, Ömer Faruk; Ataş, Ahmet Duran; Urhan, Osman Furkan
    Canine hemoplasmas are vector-borne bacterial pathogens having worldwide distribution. There are twohemoplasmas species that cause disease in dogs. These are Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasmahaematoparvum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of canine hemoplasmas among apparentlyhealthy 194 owned-dogs in Sivas Province using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). According toour results, the overall prevalence of canine hemoplasmas was 14.94% (29/194). The molecular prevalence of M.haemocanis and Ca. M. haematoparvum was detected as 8.24% (16/194) and 10.82% (21/194) respectively whilethe prevalence of co-infections was 4.12% (8/194). In this study, Ca. M. haematoparvum which can infect humanswas found more prevalent than M. haemocanis. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first molecular study on thedetermination of canine hemoplasmas in Sivas province in Turkey.
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    Helminth Contamination of Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables in Sivas Province in the Central Part of Turkey First Molecular Detection of Human Pathogenic Toxocara canis Eggs in Raw Vegetables
    (Aves, 2023) Erol, Ufuk; Altay, Kursat; Sahin, Omer Faruk; Urhan, Osman Furkan
    a prevalence of 5.83%, 3.33%, and 24.17%, respectively. Toxocara spp. eggs were identified as T. canis using polymerase chain reaction. This is the first molecular detection of T. canis eggs in raw vegetables in Turkey. This study revealed that vegetables sold in Sivas are contaminated with helminth eggs or larvae. Therefore, people should take the necessary hygiene precaution, such as washing or sanitizing, before consuming these vegetables.
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    Investigation of Zoonotic Helminths in Children Playgrounds in Sivas Province
    (2021) Erol, Ufuk; Altay, Kürşat; Şahin, Ömer Faruk; Urhan, Osman Furkan
    Human toxocariasis is categorized as a neglected parasitic disease by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The disease is more prevalent in children than adults because children are more frequently exposed to the eggs of T. canis and T. cati which are the etiological agents of human toxocariasis during playing outside. The aim of this study was to research the presence of helminth species in children playgrounds in Sivas using microscopic and molecular techniques. For this purpose, 84 sand samples were taken from 25 children playgrounds from July 2020 to July 2021. Moreover, 68 stool samples that belong to cats, dogs, and red foxes were collected from and around children playgrounds. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in five sand samples. According to PCR results, T. cati was detected in three sand samples while T. canis was found in two sand samples. Toxascaris leonina was detected only in one dog stool sample, whereas no parasite species were found in cat stool samples. The eggs of Toxocara canis, Acanthocephala, T. leonina, Capillaria spp. were found in red fox stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, children playgrounds were researched for the first time in terms of zoonotic helminth species in Sivas.
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    Molecular investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related strains among sheep flocks from different parts of Türkiye; with a note of phylogenetic analyses of Anaplasma phagocytophilum- like 1
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Erol, Ufuk; Sahin, Omer Faruk; Urhan, Osman Furkan; Atas, Ahmet Duran; Altay, Kursat
    Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a vector-borne zoonotic pathogen and can infect various vertebrate hosts, especially cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs. Molecular-based studies have revealed that the agent has a high genetic diversity and closely related strains circulate in hosts. In this study, 618 sheep blood samples obtained from different geographic regions of Turkiye were researched for A.phagocytophilum and related strains with PCR, RFLP, and DNA sequence analyses. The DNA of these pathogens was detected in 110 (17.79%) samples. RFLP assay showed that all positive samples were infected with A.phagocytophilum-like 1, whereas A.phagocytophilum-like 2 and A.phagocytophilum were not detected. Partial parts of 16 S rRNA gene of seven randomly selected positive samples were sequenced. The phylogenetic analyses of these isolates revealed that at least two A.phagocytophilum-like 1 isolates circulate among hosts in Turkiye and around the world. A.phagocytophilum-related strains have been reported in molecular-based studies over the last few years, but there is a lack of data on the vector competence, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and genetic diversity of these pathogens. Therefore, large-scale molecular studies are still needed to obtain detailed data on the above-mentioned topics.
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    Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Water Buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) From Türkiye
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Sahin, Omer Faruk; Erol, Ufuk; Urhan, Osman Furkan; Sakar, Husnu Furkan; Altay, Kursat
    PurposeCryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are zoonotic protozoan parasites that are widely seen in domestic and wild animals worldwide. While these pathogens, which affect the digestive system of the hosts, cause high economic losses in animal breeding, they are also considered an important public health problem. In recent years, molecular-based studies revealed that 120 genotypes belonging to 44 Cryptosporidium species and eight G. duodenalis assemblages (G. duodenalis A-H) circulate among hosts. The aim of the study was to determine the presence and prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis in buffaloes, for which there was only one previous study on the subject in T & uuml;rkiye.MethodsIn this study, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were researched in water buffaloes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. A total of 510 water buffalo stool samples were obtained from Sivas province, an important water buffalo breeding center in T & uuml;rkiye.ResultsCryptosporidium spp. were detected in 20 samples (3.92%), whereas five samples (0.98%) were found to be infected with G. duodenalis. DNA sequence analyses of 18S rRNA and beta-giardin genes revealed that five Cryptosporidium species, C. occultus (n = 1), C. andersoni (n = 1), C. ryanae (n = 16), C. parvum (n = 1), and C. bovis (n = 1), and G. duodenalis assemblages E were circulated in water buffaloes in T & uuml;rkiye, respectively. In this work, C. ryanae was the most prevalent Cryptosporidium species, and DNA sequence analyses of these samples showed that 100% nucleotide identities were present between them. Cryptosporidium occultus (PP754270), C. andersoni (PP754271), C. ryanae (PP754272-PP754279, PP754281-PP754285, PP754287-PP754289), C. parvum (PP754280), and C. bovis (PP754286) obtained from water buffaloes in this study shared 98.59-100%, 99.88-100%, 99.49-100%, 99.62-100%, and 99.87-100% nucleotide similarity with isolates present in GeneBank, respectively. In addition, G. duodenalis (PP798352-PP798356) isolates had 99.56-100% (beta-giardin) nucleotide identities with G. duodenalis isolates.ConclusionThe existence of cryptosporidiosis (the five species) in water buffaloes was reported for the first time in the country. Moreover, one species (C. occultus) has been reported for the first time in T & uuml;rkiye.
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    Primarily molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of spotted fever group Rickettsia species in cats in Türkiye: With new host reports of Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Erol, Ufuk; Sahin, Omer Faruk; Urhan, Osman Furkan; Genc, Melih Gazi; Altay, Kursat
    Domestic cats are companion animals that live with people in their households or outdoors, and strong relationships exist between cats and humans. However, this animal is also a host/reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, including Rickettsia species. In T & uuml;rkiye, cat ownership has increased over the years, but there is a lack of data on the pathogens in cats. In this study, 396 cat blood samples were collected from different parts of T & uuml;rkiye, and these samples were investigated for Rickettsia species with PCR assay. In addition, DNA sequences were performed for species identification and phylogenetic analyses of detected Rickettsia species. 24 out of 396 cat blood samples (6.06 %) were found to be infected with Rickettsia species. The DNA sequence analyses of all PCRpositive samples were done, and Ri. aeschlimannii was identified in 17 samples, Ri. slovaca in four, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae in two, and Ri. raoultii in one sample. The phylogenetic analyses of obtained DNA from the above-mentioned species were performed. The sequence data belonging to the species were uploaded to the GenBank, and accession numbers for Rickettsia aeschlimannii (PP998242-PP998258), Ri. slovaca (PP998259PP998262), Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae (PP998263-PP998264), and Ri. raoultii (PP998265) were taken. This result provides the first molecular detection of Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, and Ri. raoultii in T & uuml;rkiye. Moreover, the DNA of Ri. aeschlimannii, Ri. slovaca, and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae were identified in cat blood samples for the first time in the world, and the cats were a new host for these Rickettsia species. Detailed studies are, however, needed to determine the pathogenicity, biological characteristics, and vectors of these Rickettsia species in this new host.