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Öğe Attitudes of Mathematics and Science Educators towards Mistake and Instant Feedback(Ekip Buro Makineleri A., 2021) Türkdoğan, Ali; Yildiz, AhmetThe quality of teaching mathematics and science depends on the teachers’ competencies about instant feedback to mistakes. Instant feedback is some kind of feedback used whenever a mistake occurs. Mistakes are a starting point for learning; a chance to construct new knowledge or describe the misconceptions. Therefore studies on mistakes and instant feedback are a necessity. Besides, comparing applications is necessary to improve teachers. Attitudes affect implementations. Therefore, it is necessary to understand teachers’ attitudes about them. The purpose of the research is to describe and compare the attitudes of mathematics and science educators towards mistakes and instant feedback. The present study is a relational study with a descriptive pattern aimed to describe the relationship between mathematics educators’ and science educators’ attitudes. “Attitude Scale of Mathematics and Science Teachers towards Mistake and Instant Feedback (MST-AS)” (Türkdoğan, 2020) implemented to 398 mathematics and science educators teaching at public elementary, secondary schools or universities. Validity and reliability studies were made with SPSS 25.0 package program. Data were analyzed using t-Test and One Way ANOVA tests. There are not statistically differences between mathematics and science educators’ attitudes towards giving feedback to the mistakes. Both educators have positive attitudes. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found by age, gender, professional experience level or education level. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be .871. In the sub-dimensions, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was .861 for external factors. It was found to be .858 for internal factors. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Comparison of the healing effects of mesazaline and Ganoderma lucidum in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats(Korean Surgical Society, 2022) ozden, Huseyin; Sahin, Yasar; Kilitci, Asuman; Karaca, Gokhan; Gomec, Muhammed; Yildiz, Ahmet; Ucar, CahitPurpose: The etiology and pathogenesis of distal colitis (DC) are poorly understood. Activation of intestinal inflammatory response may lead to intestinal tissue necrosis. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are among the treatment options. Our study aimed to compare the protective effects of mesalazine and Ganoderma lucidum in acetic acid (AA) induced colitis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly grouped as colitis, mesalazine, G. lucidum, and combined (G. lucidum + mesalazine) groups. DC was induced by intrarectal administration of AA. Statistical comparisons were done by using parameters including colonic tissue IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP levels. Histopathologic changes of the samples of colonic tissue were scored as mucosal damage score and inflammatory score. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Intrarectal administration of AA leads to increased interleukin and CRP levels. High mucosal damage and inflammatory scores were noted in colitis group animals. Single mesalazine or G. lucidum treatment produced considerably decreased tissue interleukin and CRP levels. The lowest tissue interleukin and CRP levels were noted in the combined treatment group of animals. Mucosal damage and inflammatory scores were found to be significantly low in this group of animals. Conclusion: The intrarectal administration of AA results in an activation of intestinal inflammation and severe mucosal damage in colonic tissue. Single use of mesalazine and G. lucidum treatment decreases the severity of intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal damage. The healing effects of the combined treatment of mesalazine and G. lucidum seem to be more effective than that of separate use in the treatment of DC.Öğe The effects of creatine long-term supplementation on muscle morphology and swimming performance in rats(JOURNAL SPORTS SCIENCE & MEDICINE, 2009) Yildiz, Ahmet; Ozdemir, Ercan; Gulturk, Sefa; Erdal, SenaCreatine (Cr) has been shown to increase the total muscle mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cr supplementation on muscle morphology and swimming performance, using an animal model. Each rat was subjected to exercise 15-minute period daily for the 12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: no Cr supplementation (CON), no Cr supplementation and incomplete food intake (lacking lysine and methionine in diet for rats) (INCO), Cr supplementation 1 g.kg(-1).day(-1) (CREAT-I) and Cr supplementation 2 g.kg(-1).day(-1) (CREAT-II). Three months later, all groups adult rats exercised in swimming pool chambers. Swimming time was recorded as minute for each rat. Following swimming performance period, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation and the gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles were dissected. Serial slices of 5-7 mu m were allocated paraffin wax and histochemical staining procedure of cross-sections was carried out with heamatoxylin-eosin technics. All groups gained body weight at the end of 12 weeks but there was no statistical difference among them. Swimming time values were statistical difference between CREAT-II and CON group as well as between CREAT-I and CON group (p < 0.05). In the INCO group was determined increased connective tissue cell of the muscle sample. In contrast, in the CREAT-I and CREAT-II group, the basic histological changes were large-scale muscle fibers and hypertrophic muscle cells. These results suggest that long-term creatine supplementation increased the number of muscle fibers and enhanced endurance swimming performance in rats.Öğe The sympathetic skin response habituation in sedentary subjects and sportsmen(DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG, 2008) Yildiz, Ahmet; Gulturk, Sefa; Cetin, Ali; Erdal, Sena; Arslan, AbdullahThe aim of the present study was to investigate the habituation rates of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) in sedentary subjects and trained sportsmen. A total of 52 voluntary male students (30 sedentary subjects and 22 trained sportsmen) participated in the experiment. SSR was recorded with the contralateral electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve (of the upper extremities). In order to initiate the SSRs, 16 square-wave consecutive electrical shock stimuli were presented to each subject over the left ulnar nerve. In 52 subjects, 16 stimuli were applied at random time intervals (20-50 s). In sedentary subjects, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 4.83 +/- 0.36 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.12 mV at the 16th stimulus. In trained sportsmen, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 3.95 +/- 0.51 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.17 mV at the 16th stimulus. In the sedentary subjects, at the S1-S9 stimuli, the mean amplitudes of SSRs were higher than those of trained sportsmen. Depending upon these findings we can say that the trained sportsmen showed a more rapid habituation than sedentary subjects. In these processes, changes of amplitude and latency values reflect changes in amount of neuronal activation. Amplitude reflects the amount of neuronal activation, which is concerned with number of neuronal populations. Neuroplasticity, known as the habituation of the brain, is the adaptation of autonomic nervous system, which can be reflected by SSRs.
