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    CURRENT APPROACHES IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION TREATMENT
    (University of Ankara, 2022) Yildiz, Cenk; Devrİm, Burcu
    Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Although the applied treatment strategies provide an improvement in the quality of life of the patients, PAH continues to be a life-limiting disease for most patients, without the possibility of treatment. The most important problems encountered in the current therapies for PAH are patient incompliance and off-target side effects. In this review, the potential of various new molecular pathways such as rhoA/rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide and miRNA are discussed in the treatment of PAH. In addition, various methods for the use of targeted drug delivery systems have been evaluated to improve the efficacy of approved and investigational drugs. Result and Discussion: PAH is a cronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive pulmonary vascular functional and structural changes that eventually result in right heart failure and death. Increasing knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for PAH pathophysiology has led to the emergence of new therapeutic approaches for PAH treatment. These approaches include the use of various new molecular pathways such as rhoA/rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and miRNA. Furthermore, the use of drug delivery systems in the treatment of PAH has been promising in terms of achieving the optimum effect and reducing the potential for side effects by ensuring that the active substances are targeted locally to the effect area. © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
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    Current approaches in pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment
    (University of Ankara, 2021) Yildiz, Cenk; Devrim, Burcu
    Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Although the applied treatment strategies provide an improvement in the quality of life of the patients, PAH continues to be a life-limiting disease for most patients, without the possibility of treatment. The most important problems encountered in the current therapies for PAH are patient incompliance and off-target side effects. In this review, the potential of various new molecular pathways such as rhoA/rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide and miRNA are discussed in the treatment of PAH. In addition, various methods for the use of targeted drug delivery systems have been evaluated to improve the efficacy of approved and investigational drugs. Result and Discussion: PAH is a cronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive pulmonary vascular functional and structural changes that eventually result in right heart failure and death. Increasing knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for PAH pathophysiology has led to the emergence of new therapeutic approaches for PAH treatment. These approaches include the use of various new molecular pathways such as rhoA/rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and miRNA. Furthermore, the use of drug delivery systems in the treatment of PAH has been promising in terms of achieving the optimum effect and reducing the potential for side effects by ensuring that the active substances are targeted locally to the effect area. © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
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    Natural ingredients included antimicrobial lozenge formulations for oral care
    (Marmara Univ, 2024) Esentuerk-guezel, Imren; Abdo, Lueceyn; Topuzoglu, Sehernaz; Yildiz, Cenk; Yilmaz, Fatima Nur; Dosler, Sibel
    Lozenges are easy -to -use solid/semi-solid dosage forms that can contain one or more active ingredients, which can be used in the local treatment of mouth and throat infections. Honey, propolis, and perga, which are bee hive natural products have properties of antimicrobial and nutrient. While the oil of seaweed has a rich omega -3 content, the essential oils of pine turpentine, juniper, eucalyptus, sage, lemon balm, and tea tree have antimicrobial properties. In this study, it is aimed to prepare the above indicated ingredients included antimicrobial lozenges. Prepared formulations were evaluated by characterization and antimicrobial efficiency tests. Characterization tests included the determination of organoleptic parameters, weight variation, friability, and in vitro disintegration time. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined with the antimicrobial activities of lozenges against group A 13 -hemolytic streptococci, group B 13 -hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans which was evaluated by broth microdilution and time -kill studies. Results showed that all the formulations showed acceptable characterization profiles and antimicrobial efficiency. The lozenge formulation, which included honey, propolis, Perga, seaweed oil, and essential oils of pine turpentine, juniper, and eucalyptus can be accepted as the best formulation in terms of antimicrobial activities against all of the tested microorganisms especially Group A beta -hemolytic streptococci which is the most frequent bacterial pathogen causing sore throat in the oral cavity. In conclusion, natural ingredients included lozenges can be a good alternative for oral care products with their good antimicrobial properties for a wide range of populations.