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Öğe 3D Modeling and Tectonic Interpretation of the Erzincan Basin (Turkey) using Potential Field Data(UNIV NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, 2019) Aydin, Omer L.; Bektas, Ozcan; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Yilmaz, HuseyinErzincan Basin was investigated using gravity data within the scope of this study. It is also aimed to reveal the discontinuities in the work area as well as the buried discontinuities. Boundary determination filters and analysis of the structure of the data and its connection are revealed and clear information is obtained. Gravity anomalies were applied with an upward continuation method for 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 km levels. Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) filter, Analytical Signal (AS) filter, Tilt Angle Derivative (Tilt) filter, Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) filter, Theta Angle Derivative (Cos theta) filter, Hyperbolic Tilt Angle Derivative (HTAD) were applied to upward continued data. The discontinuities in the region and the boundaries of the geological structure were revealed. Tilt and Theta Angle derivatives yield the best results from the applied derivative based filters. The obtained data were compared with the existing surface geology and the compatibility between the formations was checked. New discontinuities were found in addition to the discontinuities determined from surface observations in the light of the obtained results. Erzincan Basin was modeled in three dimensions using gravity data of the study area. As a result of modeling, Erzincan Basin has been determined to have an average thickness of 7 km.Öğe BASIC PROBLEMS OF OUR SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND SOME SOLUTION PROPOSALS(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Theology, 2010) Yilmaz, HuseyinSocial integration, which arises from human beings' need to live together, is a way in which individuals and groups in a given society live in mutual understanding and harmony. Our country has a very rich cultural, geographical and economic heritage. But some incidents and disputes in recent years have shown the lack of a healthy consciousness of citizenship and a sense of tolerance among various ethnic, religious, cultural and political groups. It can be argued that this situation which social, political, cultural and religious misconceptions have brought about is an obstacle to our being a powerful state. In this paper, the basic problems of social integration are investigated from different perspectives and some solutions which will make it easier for individuals to live in peace and harmony are offered.Öğe Characteristic features and structural evolution of a post collisional basin: The Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2006) Yilmaz, Ali; Yilmaz, HuseyinThe ENE-SSW trending Sivas Basin is located at the easternmost wedge-like tip of the Central Anatolian Block and exhibits characteristics of two other basins, one in west-central Anatolia and the other in eastern Anatolia. The Sivas Basin started to form within a collisional mosaic during Maastrichtian time with the Pre-Maastrichtian basement, the latter composed of continental metamorphic rocks, Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Tauride Belt, and ophiolites and ophiolitic melange derived from closure of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys. Similar Tertiary basins were developed on comparable collisional mosaics in other parts of Anatolia. The Sivas Basin is asymmetrical in both the longitudinal and transversal directions. Its infill is dominated by a thick Maastrichtian-Tertiary shallow marine-continental succession resting unconformably on Pre-Maastrichtian basement rocks and dissected into several subbasins. This infill consists of post-collisional deposits which overlie paleotectonic units unconformably and each subbasin is bounded by northeast-southwest trending oblique-slip faults exhibiting dominant strike-slip. The subbasins are characterized by contrasting stratigraphic successions, although all are composed of interstratified continental and shallow-marine facies. Both the northern and southern margins of the subbasins include Upper Eocene olistostromes containing mega-blocks of varied origin. The latter are sourced in paleotectonic units and were reworked in a shallow-marine depositional setting. The fill of the middle subbasins exhibits strong vertical and lateral facies changes, characterized by local and regional unconformities and includes continental to shallow-marine volcanic rocks. This basin was deformed under north-south-directed compression during Late Pliocene-Quatemary times during the neotectonic phase of deformation. This deformation divided the basin into new, small-scale, mainly pull-apart subbasins including those at Imranli, Ishani, Altinyayla and Sarkisla. From stratigraphic and structural correlations, a post collisional intra-continental basin model for the Sivas Basin is preferred. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparisons of the suture zones along a geotraverse from the Scythian Platform to the Arabian Platform(CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, BEIJING, 2014) Yilmaz, Ali; Adamia, Shota; Yilmaz, HuseyinThe area from the Greater Caucasus to the southeast Turkey is characterized and shaped by several major continental blocks. These are Scythian Platform, Pontian-Transcaucasus Continent-Arc System (PTCAS), the Anatolian-Iranian and the Arabian Platforms. The aim of this paper is to define these continental blocks and describe and also compare their boundary relationships along the suture zones. The Scythian Platform displays the evidence of the Hercynian and Alpine orogens. This platform is separated from the PTCAS by the Greater Caucasus Suture Zone. The incipient collision began along this suture zone before middle late Carboniferous whereas the final collision occurred before Oligocene. The PTCAS can be divided into four structural units: (1) the Georgian Block - northern part of the Pontian-Transcaucasian island-arc, (2) the southern and eastern Black Sea Coast-Adjara-Trialeti Unit, (3) the Artvin-Bolnisi Unit, comprising the northern part of the southern Transcaucasus, and (4) the Imbricated Bayburt-Garabagh Unit. The PTCAS could be separated from the Anatolian Iranian Platform by the North Anatolian Lesser Caucasus Suture (NALCS) zone. The initial collision was developed in this suture zone during Senonian-early Eocene and final collision before middle Eocene or Oligocene-Miocene. The Anatolian Iranian Platform (AIP) is made up of the Tauride Platform and its metamorphic equivalents together with Iranian Platform. It could be separated from the Arabian Platform by the Southeastern Anatolian Suture (SEAS) zone. The collision ended before late Miocene along this suture zone. The southernmost continental block of the geotraverse is the Arabian Platform, which constitutes the northern part of the Arabian-African Plate. This platform includes a sequence from the Precambrian felsic volcanic and clastic rocks to the Campanian-early Maastrichtian flyschoidal clastics. All the suture zones include MORB and SSZ-types ophiolites in different ages. However, the ages of the suture zones and the crustal thicknesses along the suture zones are different, as the age becoming younger, the thickness decreasing from north to south. The emplacements of the ophiolites have similar pattern of a flower structure, reflecting both the north- and south-dipping overthrusts along the suture zones. (C) 2014, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Domestic Violence Peace / Religion Education(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Theology, 2010) Yilmaz, HuseyinDomestic violence involves verbal or physical assault by one family member or members on another or the other family members. Domestic violence, which is a basic human rights violation, is considered to be an assault on human dignity in our country as it is throughout the world. Having its source in biological, psychological and social causes, domestic violence continues to be a social problem although it is against the law. Educators, along with the judicial system, the mass media and intellectuals, have responsibilities in fighting against domestic violence. Because, education is the chief element to promote the idea of happy and peaceful families in the society by creating an awareness in the individuals. In this study, domestic violence is addressed with its causes and effects and some religious, moral and educational suggestions are offered to contribute to the realization of a peaceful family life free from domestic violence.Öğe Geochemical characteristics of the Eocene Karatas volcanics (Northeast Sivas, Turkey) in the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone(Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Genel Mudurlugu-Mta, 2020) Canbaz, Oktay; Gokce, Ahmet; Ekici, Taner; Yilmaz, HuseyinKaratas volcanics, is the product of Eocene volcanics crop out in the form of two belts along the northern and southern boundaries of the izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone. According to geochemical data, these volcanics have alkaline basic-intermediate character and consist of basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and trachyte. This volcanic activity has been controlled by fractional crystallization and crustal contamination from basaltic trachyandesite to trachyte. Orientation of the samples towards amphibole area on the Rb/Sr - Ba/Rb ratio diagrams, dispersion of the Zr/Ba ratios (0.08 - 0.33) in the lithospheric mantle range, increase in the Ba/Rb ratio, decreases in the MgO, Ni and Cr contents point out that this volcanism originated from enriched lithospheric mantle rather than asthenospheric mantle. Geochemical data show that this enriched lithospheric mantle material is upper continental crustal material, main part of enrichment resulted by the subduction related fluids and also the contribution of the sedimentary materials. This situation may be explained that; the melts, derived from N-MORB or OIB bearing material ascended into the continental crust in a pre-collisional period and were reactivated by extensional tectonic and/or delamination processes during the post-collisional period, possibly caused the partial melting within the upper continental crust and produced the Karata volcanics.Öğe Kerbela Olayı ve Günümüze Yansıması(Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 2023) Yilmaz, HuseyinOrta Asya Türk kavimlerinin İslâm dinini kabul etmesinden yüzyıllar öncesinde gerçekleşen ve Hz. Hüseyin ile yetmiş iki yakınının şahadetiyle sonuçlanan Kerbelâ Olayının doğru bilgilerle açıklanması oldukça önemlidir. Kerbelâ Olayı, Hz. Peygamber’in torunu Hz. Hüseyin’in akrabaları ve sevenleri ile birlikte siyasi ihtiras uğruna şehit edildiği, Müslümanlar arasında yüzyıllardır unutulmayıp hüzünle anıldığı facianın adıdır. Bu olay, İslâm dünyasında Şia ile Ehl-i Sünnet mensuplarının, ülkemizde de Alevîlerle Sünnîlerin birbirine karşı düşünce ve tavırlarında etkili olmaya devam etmektedir. İşte bu makalede Kerbelâ olayı, ilgili kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler doğrultusunda literatür tarama yöntemiyle özetlenmiş ve daha sonra da bu olayın sebep ve sonuçlarından hareketle günümüz için faydalı olduğu düşünülen bazı mesajlar üretilmiştir. Amacımız tarihte yaşanan acı bir olayı kaşımak değil, bu olaydan ibret alarak günümüz Müslümanlarının tefrikadan uzak durup birlik ve beraberlik içerisinde bir hayat sürmesinin önemini vurgulamaktır.Öğe Kinematics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone between Turkoglu (Kahramanmaras) and Celikhan (Adiyaman), eastern Turkey(TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO, 2006) Yilmaz, Huseyin; Over, Semir; Ozden, SuhaIn this study we determined the stress regime acting along the East Anatolian Fault Zone between Turkoglu (Kahramanmaras) and Celikhan (Adiyaman), from the Neocene to present-day, based on the inversion of striations measured on faults and on the focal mechanisms of earthquakes having magnitudes greater than 5.0. The inversions yield a strike-slip stress regime with a reverse component (i.e., transpression) operative in the Neocene to present with a consistent N-to NW-trending or, axis 156 +/- 11 degrees and an E- to NE-trending sigma(3) axis, sigma(7) 9 degrees sigma(3), producing left-lateral motion along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. The inversions of focal mechanisms yield a strike-slip stress deviator characterized by an approximately N-S (N1 degrees W)-trending sigma(1), and an approximately E-W (N89 degrees E)-trending sigma(3) axis. Both the kinematic analysis and structural observations indicate that the stress regime operating in the study area has had a transpressional character, giving rise to the Mio-Pliocene compressive structures (reverse faults, thrusts and folds) observed in the study area. Field observations allow estimation of a Pliocene age for the strike-slip East Anatolian Fault Zone.Öğe Late cenozoic stress field in the Cameli Basin, SW Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010) Over, Semir; Pinar, Ali; Ozden, Suha; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Unlugenc, Ulvi Can; Kamaci, ZuheyrA history of deformation has been determined for the Cameli Basin located in the western part of the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, interpreted as the on-land continuation of Pliny-Strabo fault system (e.g., eastern boundary of the Hellenic Arc). Inversion of fault slip vectors affecting Mio-Pliocene to Quaternary formations in the Cameli Basin, in the southwestern segment of the transtensional Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, yields two different normal faulting stress regimes characterized by a roughly orthogonal set of extensional axes; a NW-SE (N129 +/- 19 degrees E) sigma(3) axis and a NE-SW (N50 +/- 16 degrees E) sigma(3) axis. The orientation of fault sets is predominantly around the NE-SW direction in the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, making the extension NW-SE. The mean R values are 0.74 and 0.69 for both extensions indicating a triaxial stress state, which is clearly different from radial extension and from transitional to strike-slip stress state. The NW-SE extension is probably responsible for the formation of the Cameli Basin during Mio-Pliocene time. In contrast, the inversion of focal mechanism solutions of shallow earthquakes occurring within the Cameli basin identifies a present-day, predominantly extensional stress regime, characterized by an approximately N-S (N184 degrees E) sigma(3) axis, which has an R value of 0.637 indicating a triaxial stress state. The nearly orthogonal extensional stress regimes seem to have been acting contemporaneously with each other at different intensities from the Mio-Pliocene onwards in SW Turkey. This may be attributed to the geodynamic effects related to the subduction of the African plate beneath Anatolia, diffusing along Hellenic and Cyprus arcs and in the west-southwestward extrusion of Anatolia. Our hypothesis is that the cause of the early NW-SE extension is the slab-pull force due to the subduction process along the Cyprus arc, considered to be dominant up to Plio-Quaternary. The later NE-SW to present-day similar to N-S extension, dominant since the Plio-Quaternary, is related to the combined forces of the Anatolian extrusion and the subduction process along the Hellenic arc. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Late Cenozoic stress state distributions at the intersection of the Hellenic and Cyprus Arcs, SW Turkey(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016) Over, Semir; Ozden, Suha; Pinar, Ali; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Kamaci, Zuheyr; Unlugenc, Ulvi CanThe history of the Late Cenozoic stress regime was determined for an area between the gulfs of Fethiye and Antalya. Fault kinematic analysis and inversion of focal mechanisms of shallow earthquakes reveal significant evolution of the regional stress regime in SW Anatolia, i.e., the area of interaction between the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs, from the Mio-Pliocene to the present time. Fault kinematic analysis yields two different normal faulting stress regimes along the southwestern part of Fethiye-Burdur Fault zone, e.g., in and around cameli Basin (Zone Al) and two different strike-slip to normal faulting stress regimes characterized by a roughly orthogonal set of extensional axes between Fethiye and Demre (Zone B) with an older NW-SE al axis for Mio-Pliocene and a younger NE-SW sigma 3 axis for Plio-Quaternary time. Inversion of focal mechanisms of the earthquakes occurring in Zone Al provideS an extensional stress. state with approximately N- sigma 3 axis. Inversion of those occurring in Zone B, south of Zone Al, yields a dominantly strike-slip stress state with a NE-SW sigma 3 axis and a NW-SE A1 axis respectively. The inversion slip vectors from fault planes yield a consistent normal faulting stress regime in Burdur Basin and its surroundings (i.e., along the northeastern part of Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, (Zone A2)) during Plio-Quaternary, continuing into recent time as indicated by earthquake focal mechanism inversions. Both states-have a consistent NW-SE cs3 axis. "Fault kinematic analysis indicates NW-SE extension acting in Zone C (subarea between Demre and Antalya), south of Zone A2, during Mio-Pliocene time. The inversion of focal mechanisms yields normal faulting also characterized by a consistent NW-SE sigma 3 axis. The nearly orthogonal extensional stress regimes (NW-SE and NE-SW) obtained by inversion of both measured and seismic faults seem to have been acting contemporaneously with each other at different intensities from the Mio-Pliocene onwards in SW Turkey. This may be attributed to the geodynamic effects related to the subduction of the African plate beneath Anatolia diffusing along the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs and in the west-southwestward extrusion of Anatolia. The cause of the early NW-SE extension is the slab-pull force due to the subduction process along the Cyprus arc, considered to be dotninant until the Plio-Quaternary in the western part of the study area in zones A1 and B. The dominant status of the Cyprus arc continues today in the eastern part of study area in zones A2 and C. The later NE-SW to present day approximately N-S extension, dominant since the Plio-Quaternary, is related to the combined forces of the Anatolian extrusion and the subduction process along the Hellenic arc. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Lead-free potassium sodium niobate piezoceramics for high-power ultrasonic cutting application: Modelling and prototyping(UNIV NOVI SAD, FAC TECHNOLOGY, 2019) Akca, Erdem; Yilmaz, HuseyinThe motivation of this study was design, fabrication and characterization of bolt-clamped Langevin type transducers BLT) from lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 KNN) based piezoceramics for high-power ultrasonic cutting applications. Hard and lead-free KNN piezoceramics was obtained by adding K4CuNb8O23 KCN) together with ZnO and SnO2. Densification and high-power characteristics of KNN-KCN piezoceramics were enhanced in the presence of ZnO and SnO2. BLTs made from hard PZT4 commercial PbZr, Ti) O-3) or Zn, Sn co-doped KNN-KCN piezoceramic rings KNN-KCN-ZnSn) were modelled through ATILA finite element analysis software package. Simulated and experimentally measured impedance spectra, resonance modes and harmonic analysis results of BLTs were compared with each other. Longitudinal vibration displacement at the tip of the horns of BLTs at approximately 30 kHz were measured via photonic sensor device to compare their performances. At the end, based on the simulation and experimental results, a prototype ultrasonic cutting device was fabricated from lead-free KNN-KCN-ZnSn piezoceramic rings. Its cutting action on both plastic and ceramic materials was demonstrated for the first time. In summary, it was found that a hard KNN-KCN based lead-free piezoceramics were good potential replacements for their lead-based counterparts for commercial high-power BLT applications.Öğe Mineralogical characteristics of metamorphic massif units outcropping in Goksun, Afsin and Ekinozu (Kahramanmaras) region(Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Genel Mudurlugu-Mta, 2020) Hozatlioglu, Deniz; Bozkaya, Omer; Yalcin, Huseyin; Yilmaz, HuseyinThis study aims to investigate and correlate the mineralogical-petrographic characteristics of Metamorphites in Goksun, Afsin and Ekinozu in the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Massifs. In this context, the optical microscopy and XRD investigations were performed on several samples. Goksun Metamorphites are constituted by phyllite, calcphyllite, marble and they contain mainly calcite, dolomite, quartz, feldspar, phyllosilicate. KI and b-cell dimension data reflect high anchizone-epizone and medium pressure conditions. Afsin Metamorphites are represented by phyllite, calcphyllite, calcschist, micaschist, amphiboleschist, marble. Phyllosilicates have consisted of illite/mica, IIb chlorite, mixed-layers, smectite. KI and b-cell dimension data correspond to the subgreenschist-greenschist facies conditions. Ekinozu Metamorphites are made of chloriteschist, amphiboleschist, micaschist, micagneiss in lower parts, while calcitic and/or dolomitic marbles are present in the upper parts. Mica is dioctahedral and trioctahedral, whereas chlorite tends to be trioctahedral. Based on mineral associations, Ekinozu Metamorphites belong to amphibolite facies in the lower parts, but the greenschist facies conditions at the upper parts. The coarse-grained biotite, muscovite and chlorite are accompanied by mixed-layers. According to mineral composition and degrees of metamorphism, Goksun and Afsin Metamorphites are similar to the Keban and Malatya Metamorphites; however, Ekinozu Metamorphites to Puturge Metamorphites. The data show that metamorphics in the western extension of the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Massifs have different origin and/or lithologies according to the regions, increasing temperature-pressure conditions from Goksun to Ekinozu and have groups of rock with different geological evolutions.Öğe Missionary and Religious Education in Kirgizistan(Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Theology, 2007) Yilmaz, HuseyinThe escape from external threats and misleadings of Kyrghizistan, which is nowadays face to face with social, political, cultural, economic, military and religious pressures at an international level, depends on the application of material and moral values that she possesses with her own will. In order to strengthen this will it is important to have individuals who assimilate their cultural values and are faithful to their self-identities. Because, for the security of Kyrghizistan people the moral values that constitute the society's identity must be known and protected, and the people must be vigilant against foreign beliefs and values which are tried. to be imposed in different ways. In resent years, it is observed that the majority of the people of Kyrghizistan incline towards religion and try to meet their need for believing from true and trust worthy sources. The missionaries who take advantage of the people's this Inclination and the hallowness of their religious knowledge -that exists from a far- come to this country under the guise of such various roles as soldier, doctor, engineer, teacher, member of social aid or peacemaker... and try to convert those with whom they make close contact into Christianity through some kind of promises. Benefitting from the international norms, the missionaries, who shelter under the umbrella of freedom of faith and expression demand an unlimited right to widen their area of infwence. In this study, missionary activity towards Kyrghizistan has been. focused on: the condition and adequacy of religious education against missionary activities; whether the application of present religious education meets the people's need for believing and their expectations are all tried to be investigated thoroughly.Öğe The Nature of the Crustal Structure of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau, Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Yilmaz, Ali; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Kaya, Cemal; Boztug, DurmusThe Eastern Anatolian Plateau (EAP) of Turkey, with an elevation ranging from 1700 to 2000 m, is located between the Eastern Pontide Arc to the north and the Arabian Platform to the south. In this region, pre-Maastrichtian tectonic units representing the crust crop out in only a few localities. As they are covered by Maastrichtian-Quaternary rock units, it is difficult to study the nature and mutual relationships of these pre-Maastrichtian tectonic units. The palaeotectonic units of the EAP comprise two different levels in the present study: (1) The lower level consists of platform-type carbonates and their metamorphic equivalents. These units may represent the Taurus Platform and its metamorphic equivalents. (2) The upper level consists of an ophiolitic-melange prism which is made up mainly of oceanic crust; the prism comprises a complex of ophiolite, ophiolitic melange, and fore-arc deposits. This upper unit represents a subduction-accretion prism and may have originated partly from the North Anatolian Suture to the north, and partly from the South-eastern Anatolian Suture to the south. Continental crustal rocks were thrust over by the ophiolitic melange prism; thus outcrops of them are scarce in the region as they are exposed in tectonic windows through the ophiolitic thrust sheets. The pre-Maastrichtian tectonic units of the EAP are blanketed by Maastrichtian to Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary rock units; these sequences include successive transgressive and regressive intervals and overlie the palaeotectonic units along a pronounced unconformity. Olistostromal units are abundant in the Eocene sedimentary units and were derived from the ophiolites and ophiolitic melange. The Maastrichtian-Quaternary cover is made up of collisional and post-collisional deposits across the whole region. Although the EAP has been experiencing considerable N-S compression, it has not been affected by significant crustal thickening because of the strike-slip tectonic regime that is dominant in the region. (C) 2010 Lavoisier SAS. All rights reservedÖğe Origin and evolution of the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Complex (Turkey)(SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES GEOLOGICAL INST, 2007) Bozkaya, Omer; Yalcin, Huseyin; Basibuyuk, Zeynel; Ozfirat, Olcay; Yilmaz, HuseyinThe Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Complex comprises three structural units, the Keban, Malatya and Puturge-Bitlis Metamorphics. Of these, the Keban Metamorphics (Carboniferous-Triassic) mainly comprise metamorphosed limestones/marbles and phyllites, consisting mainly of calcite, dolomite, quartz, albite, phyllosilicates (kaolinite, 2M(1), white K-mica, IM biotite, IIb chlorite, C-S, C-V and I-S) and scarce tremolite/actinolite and biotite, which were metamorphosed under sub-greenschist- to greenschist-facies conditions. The Malatya Metamorphics (Carboniferous-Triassic) comprise mainly metacarbonate rocks and metapelites - made up of calcite, quartz, albite, phyllosilicates (anchizonal-epizonal 2M, white K-mica and paragonite, IIb chlorite, dickite, C-V, C-S, I-S), chloritoid and goethite - that underwent a sub-greenschist-facies metamorphic event. The Puturge Metamorphics (Precambrian-Permian) comprise metamorphic lithologies of pie-Devonian high-grade (augen gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist/gneiss, granitic gneiss) and post-Carboniferous low-grade rocks (calc-schist/ marble and schist). The high-grade parts of this metamorphic unit display a Barrovian-type prograde metamorphism at amphibolite facies. Retrograde mineral occurrences, such as chlorite, C-V and C-S from garnet and biotile, reflect post-metamorphic-peak cooling assemblages. Low-grade parts of this unit are made up of calcite, dolomite, albite, phyllosilicates (IIb chlorite, 2M, muscovite and IM biotite, C-S), reflecting greenschist-facies metamorphic conditions. Lithological and mineralogical characteristics of the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Complex imply the following: the Xeban Metamorphics are similar to the Eastern Taurus Autochthon (Geyikdagi Unit) and apparently originated from that unit. In spite of their similar age ranges, the Malatya Metamorphics are quite different from the Keban Metamorphics and were probably derived from northern allochthonous Tauride units (e.g. Aladag Unit). The Puturge Metamorphics originated from a southern source (i.e. the Arabian Platform), and horizons of similar age differ from those of the Keban and Malatya Metamorphics.Öğe Origin and tectonic significance of the metamorphic sole and isolated dykes of the Divrigi ophiolite (Sivas, Turkey): Evidence for slab break-off prior to ophiolite emplacement(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2006) Parlak, Osman; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Boztug, DurmusThe Late Cretaceous Divrigi ophiolite of east-central Anatolia comprises. from bottom to top. an ophiolitic melange, metamorphic sole and remnants of oceanic lithosphere. The ophiolitic melange has been thrust onto the Lower Carboniferous-Campanian Munzur Limestone (Tauride platform), and is in turn tectonically overlain by the metamorphic sole. The meta morphic-sole rocks are represented by amphibolite, plagioclase amphibolite, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and calc-schist. The oceanic-lithosphere remnant exhibits a complete section, excluding volcanic rocks, comprising mantle tectonites, ultramafic to mafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros and sheeted dykes. Isolated dykes intrude the metamorphic sole and mantle tectonites at different structural levels. The metamorphic-sole rocks beneath the Divrigi ophiolite can be divided into two groups with distinct geochemical features. The first group is tholeiitic (Nb/Y=0.07-0.18). whereas the second group is alkaline (Nb/Y=1.77-3.48) in chemistry. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns, N-MORB-normalized spider diagrams and tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the protolith of the first group was similar to island-arc tholeiitic basalts, whereas the protolith of the second group was more akin to within-plate alkali basalts. The isolated dykes cutting the metamorphic sole and the mantle tectonites exhibit alkaline (Nb/Y=0.68-2.11) character and are geochemically similar to within-plate alkaline basalts. The geochemical evidence suggests that the Late Cretaceous Divrigi ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting to the north of the Tauride platform. During intraoceanic subduction/thrusting, the IAT type and seamount-type alkaline basalts were metamorphosed and accreted to the base of the Divrigi ophiolite. The alkaline isolated dykes were probably the result of late-stage magmatism fed by melts that originated within an asthenospheric window due to slab break-off, shortly before the emplacement of the Divrigi ophiolite onto the Tauride platform to the south.Öğe Plio-Quaternary stress regime in Esen Cay Basin, SW Turkey(GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2013) Over, Semir; Ozden, Suha; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Pinar, Ali; Unlugenc, Ulvi Can; Kamaci, Zuheyr; Robertson, AHF; Parlak, O; Unlugenc, UCThe Plio-Quaternary Esen Cay Basin is situated at the junction of Hellenic and Cyprus arcs in southwestern Turkey. The basin is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the region in relation to the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. Fault data from unconsolidated Pliocene and Quaternary deposits, as well as from pre-Pliocene lithologies, are analysed in order to reconstruct the evolution of the stress field evolution from Pliocene onwards. Inversion of measured fault slip vector data identifies two main stress states: extensional and strike-slip. Both states are characterized by a NE-SW-trending minimum horizontal stress axis (sigma(Hmin) = sigma(3)). The mean R value is 0.67, indicating a triaxial state of stress. The inversion also indicates the existence of extensional and strike-slip faulting characterized by a NW-SE-trending sigma(3) axis. This indicates a change in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress axis (sigma(3)) from a NW-SE-trending sigma(3) that dominated prior to Quaternary to a NE-SW-trending sigma(3) that dominated during Quaternary up to actual time.Öğe Plio-Quaternary Stress State in the Burdur Basin, SW-Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013) Over, Semir; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Pinar, Ali; Ozden, Suha; Unlugenc, Ulvi Can; Kamaci, ZuheyrThis study defines the Plio-Quaternary to present day stress regime in the Burdur Basin, located at the northeastern end of the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone in SW Turkey. This fault length, which is considered the landward continuation of the Pliny-Strabo trench, is an important feature in SW Turkey. The inversion slip vectors measured on fault planes indicate a consistent normal faulting stress regime during Plio-Quaternary time, continuing into recent times as indicated by earthquake focal mechanism inversions. Both states have consistent NW-SE trending horizontal minimum stress axes (sigma(3)). The orientation of fault sets is predominantly around the NE-SW direction in the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, making the extension NW-SE. The mean stress ratio is 0.74 indicating a triaxial stress state, which is clearly different from radial extension. The NW-SE extension is probably responsible for the formation of the Burdur Basin during Plio-Quaternary time. This extension, which is probably caused by slab-pull force due to the subduction process along the Cyprus arc, produces a dominant normal motion along the FBFZ. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Preliminary seismic microzonation of Sivas city (Turkey) using microtremor and refraction microtremor (ReMi) measurements(SPRINGER, 2013) Buyuksarac, Aydin; Bektas, Ozcan; Yilmaz, Huseyin; Arisoy, M. OzguSivas city, located in the inner east part of Anatolia (Turkey), is far from seismic sources. However, the city is under risk owing to strong earthquakes occurring around the area, and different soil conditions that can produce variation in the ground motion amplification. Microzonation of cities provides a basis for site-specific hazard analysis in urban settlements. In particular, seismic microzonation can be achieved by means of detailed seismic assessment of the area, including earthquake recordings and geological studies. In this paper, we propose a preliminary microzonation map for the city of Sivas, based on the variation in the dominant periods of the sediments covering the area. The periods are retrieved from microtremor measurements conducted at 114 sites, using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio technique. The results of microtremor analysis were compared with those obtained from refraction microtremor measurements at two profiles crossing the studied area. According to the classification of dominant periods, Sivas area can be divided into four zones, probably prone to different levels of seismic hazard. However, specific studies including analysis of weak earthquakes are required in the future to validate our microzonation map.Öğe Structural evolution of the Eastern Anatolian Basins: an example from collisional to postcollisional tectonic processes, Turkey(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2019) Yilmaz, Ali; Yilmaz, HuseyinThe Eastern Anatolian Basins (EABs) started to develop on a mosaic, made up of forearc deposits of the Eastern Pontide Arc (EPA), continental metamorphic rocks of the Anatolian-Iranian Platform (MP), and obducted ophiolitic units of the North Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt (NAOB) and Southeastern Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt (SAOB). The basement rocks of the East Anatolian Region represent a continental fragment positioned between the EPA to the north and the Arabian Platform to the south. In appearance, it can be said that there are many different basins in the Eastern Anatolian Region. This paper reports on three of them that were studied as a part of the work, defining the setting and structural evolution of the EABs as a whole. These are, from north to south, the Oltu-Balkaya Basin, the Tekman-Karayazi Basin, and the Mus Basin. The EABs started to develop in the beginning of the Maastrichtian age with tectonic subsidence. They then evolved as collisional foreland basins on the AIP and ophiolitic units of the NAOB and SAOB during the Paleocene and Early Eocene period, as well. The fill of these basins is represented by basal conglomerate, shallow marine limestone, and elastic rock units. During deposition of this fill, syncollisional Paleocene peraluminous leucogranitic magmatism developed along the Eastern Pontides. From the Middle Eocene to the Quaternary age, different superimposed postcollisional basins developed over the collisional foreland basin fill. In this time interval, a shallow marine-continental molasse deposition was accompanied with high-K talc-alkaline volcanism, which may be attributed to postcollisional magmatism in the Eastern Anatolian Region. As a result, for the structural evolution of EABs, it can be said that the EABs represent a foreland basin in the Maastrichtian-Early Eocene and superimposed postcollisional basins in the Middle Eocene-Quaternary interval.
