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    Early prognostic markers to predict unsuccessful pregnancy in dairy cattle
    (Wiley, 2024) Yokus, Beran; Takci, Abdurrahman; Ercan, Nazli; Em, Bernan; Uysal, Ersin
    This study aimed to investigate maternal serum levels of some angiogenic factors and certain proteins in dairy cattle for (1) early prediction of unsuccessful fertilization and (2) early detection of possible pregnancy failures (early EM) after positive insemination Serum samples were collected from the same cattle at three distinct time points: 30 days before artificial insemination (B-AI), on the day of artificial insemination (AI), and 30 days after artificial insemination (A-AI). As a result of the pregnancy examination, the cows were divided into two main groups according to whether they were pregnant. The results showed that leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) concentration was significantly decreased B-AI and Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP-3), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and LNPEP levels were significantly decreased on day of AI, while PRL level was increased, and these data have prognostic significance as early indicator of the risk of potentially failed pregnancy. Additionally, a significant decrease in LNPEP, SFRP3, and VEGF levels, along with an increase in PRL levels was also observed in A-AI. These results suggest that these biomarkers can be used as a screening test to monitor the course of pregnancy. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2), Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), angiopoietin (ANG), Endoglin (ENG), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Inhibine-A (INH-A) and Transforming growth factors-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) between the evaluated periods neither unsuccessful nor the successful pregnancy groups. This is the first study reporting that the maternal serum levels of LNPEP, SFRP3, VEGF, and PRL have important roles in pregnancy success and may indicate whether insemination outcome will be successful B-AI and predict the risk of unsuccessful pregnancy after AI in dairy cattle. The increase in such studies will allow the development of more specific, practical, and applicable markers.
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    Ischemia modified albumin as an early biomarker in diagnosing the late stages abortus in cows
    (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE, 2017) Yokus, Beran; Ercan, Nazh; Fidan, Ulvi Reha; Gun, Mustafa Can
    Nowadays, Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) has been regarded as an indicator for various maladies and complicated pregnancy in humans. Therefore, it is hypothesized that evaluation of the maternal serum IMA degrees can serve as an early detection of abortion in dairy cows. 252 Holstein cows' serum samples were taken both in the 2nd and 6th months of their pregnancy. Twenty-two cattle were selected as a positive control group among the non aborted ones. Furthermore, blood samples from 20 non-pregnant cows were taken to identify the effects of physiological changes of pregnancy. IMA and Ischemia Modified Albumin Rate (IMAR) were markedly higher (p<0.01); and albumin was markedly lower (p<0.01) in aborted cows and healthy-pregnant cows compared with non-pregnant cows in both months. In aborted cows, IMA, IMAR and Oxidative stress index (OSI) degrees were found to be more increased than healthy pregnancies both in 2nd and 6th months of pregnancy; however, there were statistically significant only at 6th month (p<0.01). Total Oxidative Stress (TOS) levels were higher than healthy pregnancies. So, as a result of IMA which was caused by oxidative stress rising from hypoxia/ischemia could serve as an early bioindicator for miscarriage in cattle.
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    Paraoxonase activity an indicator of complications at early stage of complicated pregnant cows
    (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE, 2017) Ercan, Nazli; Yokus, Beran; Gun, M. Can; Kochan, Akin
    In healthy and complicated pregnant cows, on the 2nd and 6th months of pregnancy in order to determine the levels of maternal serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and the possibility of complications can occur during the pregnancy might be a premise indication. Serum samples were taken at 2nd and 6th months of 252 pregnant cows at the end of their pregnancies. The cows were classified into two groups such as complicated (Abortion, Dystocia) and non-complicated. Maternal serum PON1 activity in 6th months was lower at complicated group than normally pregnant group (P=0.004; P<0.01), no difference was discovered between these groups in their 2nd month of pregnancy (P>0.05). Among the concentration of HDL, TP and globulin no statistical difference was observed between complicated, subgroups and normal births (P>0.05). Levels of PON1 in 2 and 6 months were statistically different between the groups of dystocia and normal pregnancy (P<0.01; P = 0.003), and abort and normal pregnancy (P<0.05; P=0.033). In this study, it was inferred that the evaluation of PON1 activity early indicator of complications for clinicians that might occur in further periods of pregnancy. These results showed the fact that PON1 activity can be used as a marker relatively at the early phases of pregnancy in complicated cows.