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Öğe A MACROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE MUSCLES AND TENDONS OF FOREPAWS IN THE ANATOLIAN BOBCAT (Lynx lynx)(Univ Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, 2019) Ari, Hasan Huseyin; Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Aksoy, GursoyThis study was performed on the tendons and muscles of two Anatolian bobcats (Lynx lynx). The research materials were donated by Republic of Turkey Ministry of the Forestry and Water Affairs Sivas Branch Manager. To achieve this objective, dissection and radiography were applied to two dead specimens. Digit I is radiographically rudimentary in the forepaw. The muscles and tendons of the forepaw in the bobcat are located in the cranial and caudal aspect of the antebrachium, the central manus and hypothenar region. The extensor muscles are situated on the cranial aspect of the antebrachium, while the flexor muscles are located on the caudal aspect of the antebrachium. Them. extensor carpi radialis in the extensor group has long and short portions; the m. extensor digitorum lateralis et communis give rise to tendons associated with fingers; the fascia covering the muscles emerges on the lateral and medial border of them. extensor digitorum lateralis. The m. flexor digitorum superficialis et profundus lie on the caudal aspect of the antebrachium; the superficial digital flexor tendons give rise to the origin of the bellies of the m. flexor digitorum brevis; them. flexordigitorum profundus form a stouttendon from which the mm. lumbricales originate on the pal mar aspect of carpal joints; the tendon of the muscle perforates the tendon of them. flexor digitorum superficialis. The mm. flexores digitorum profundi breves in the central manus group consist of the lateral and medial portions and insert on the palmar aspect of each proximal phalanx associated with the fingers. Other muscles in the group, adductores digitorum, end to those in the fingers.Öğe Assessment of Oxidative Status in Foot Diseases of Sheep(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2018) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Yildirim, Betul ApaydinBackground: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of various diseases in the livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foot diseases and oxidant and antioxidant levels, determining catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in sheep with foot disease such as interdigital dermatitis, footrot and interdigital pouch infection (biflex canal inflammation). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 70 sheep aged between 1 and 3, 20 sheep with interdigital dermatitis, 20 with foot-rot, 10 with interdigital pouch inflammation and 20 clinically healthy Akkaraman sheep, were used. The blood samples collected from the V. Jugularis of the sheep were centrifuged and their serums were obtained. MDA and NO levels of the sheep with interdigital dermatitis, footrot and interdigital pouch infection were found to be significantly higher than those of animals in the control group (P < 0.001). CAT activity was determined to be significantly lower in all diseased animals than in the animals in the control group (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and GSH levels were significantly lower in the animals with interdigital dermatitis than in the control group (respectively P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Discussion: Oxidative stress regulates the metabolic activity of some organs and plays an important role in productivity in livestock. The oxidative stress is reported that caused by the increase in the production of excessive free radicals resulting from the exposure of animals to various stress factors and by the weakening of the antioxidant defense has an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as foot diseases. In the presence of various stress factors, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) increases. MDA is determine the degree of cellular damage in tissues. Nitric oxide is produced in large quantities by macrophages in case of bacterial infections and exhibits antibacterial properties against pathogenic microorganisms. For this reason, NO is very high levels in inflammatory diseases. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSM) is some of the important antioxidants and play an important role in the oxidative defense of tissues. In this study, the increase in serum MDA and NO levels was mostly found in interdigital dermatitis cases, then in footrot cases and finally in interdigital pouch infection cases. Serum CAT levels were found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In this study, the highest decrease in serum CAT levels was detected in interdigital dermatitis cases and followed by footrot cases and interdigital pouch infection cases, respectively. Serum GSH-Px and GSH levels were found to be significantly lower in interdigital dermatitis cases than those in the control group (respectively P < 0.001, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference found between the serum GSH-Px and GSH levels of footrot and interdigital pouch infection cases, and the control group (P > 0.05). We found that serum MDA and NO levels were found to significantly increase in sheep with foot disease and serum CAT levels were found to be significantly lower. The results of this research indicate that MDA, NO and CAT activities may be more reliable parameters than GSH-Px and GSH activities in order to determine oxidative stress in sheep with foot diseases. In conclusion, this study reveals that there is a relationship between foot diseases and oxidant/antioxidant balance in sheep and it shows that the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation develop due to the increase of free radicals.Öğe Bir Buzağıda Çoklu Kongenital Anomali Olgusu(2020) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Yalçın, Mustafa Onur; Karataş, ÖzhanBu olgu sunumunda Simmental ırkı 2 günlük bir buzağıda karşılaşılan koksigeal agenezi, atresia ani et vulva, vaginal ektopi ile beraber seyreden çoklu kongenital anomali olgusunun tanısı ve sağaltım sonuçları değerlendirildi. Olguyu kuyruk, anüs ve vulvanın olmaması şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilen 2 günlük Simmental ırkı bir buzağı oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayenede; kuyruk agenezisi, atresia ani et vulva ve buzağının dışkı ve idrarını perineal bölgede ektopik vaginadan köken alan yumuşak fluktuan bir kitlenin delinmesi sonucu yapmakta olduğu saptandı. Operatif olarak uzak-laştırılan kitlenin histopatolojik incelemesinde vagina mukozası ile uyumlu non-keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel belirlen-di. Sonuç olarak; nadir olarak rastlanılan bu vakanın klinik pratiğe ve literatüre katkı sağlayacak nitelikte olduğu düşünüldü.Öğe Buzağılarda Göbek Bölgesi Lezyonlarının Klinik ve Sağaltım Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: 100 Olgulu Retrospektif Bir Çalışma(2021) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Kulualp, Kadri; Yalçın, MustafaBu çalışmada; 2017-2020 yılları arası Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Kliniğine göbek lezyonu şikâyeti ile getirilen buzağıların tanı, uygulanan tedavi şekli ve sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmanın materyalini çeşitli şikayetlere bağlı olarak getirilen toplam 350 adet buzağıdan göbek bölgesi lezyonu tespit edilen farklı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyette 100 adet (%28.57) buzağı oluşturdu. Göbek lezyonlu buzağıların 64’nü (%64) erkek, 36’sını (%36) dişiler oluşturdu. Göbek bölgesi lezyonu tespit edilen buzağılar ırklara göre değerlendirildiğinde Simmental ırkı 55 (%55), Montofon ırkı 38 (%38), Holstein ırkı 2 (%2), Şarole ırkı 2 adet (%2), Yerli ırk 2 (%2) ve Angus ırkı 1 adet (%1) olarak tespit edildi. Göbek lezyonlu buzağıların olgulara göre dağılımlarını sırasıyla 35 adet (%35) omfaloflebitis, 25 adet (%25) hernia umbilikalis, 17 adet (%17) omfalitis, 9 adet (%9) omfaloflebitis+omfaloarteritis, 6 adet (%6) omfaloarteritis, 4 adet (%4) göbek apsesi, 2 adet (%2) urakus fistülü ve 2 adet (%2) evantratio umbilikalisin oluşturduğu belirlendi. Omfalitis (omfaloflebitis, omfaloarteritis) olgularında göbek kordonu kalınlaşmaları 64 olguda 0.5-3 cm, 3 olguda ise 4 cm olarak ölçüldü. Fıtık defekt genişliği ortalama 2.8 cm çapında olan 19 olguya açık herniyorafi, 8.25 cm çapında olan 6 olguya ise herniyoplasti yapıldı. Sonuç olarak; yeni doğan buzağılarda önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan göbek lezyonlarının erken tanı ve erken cerrahi sağaltım yöntemleri ile ekonomik kayıpların önüne geçilebileceği kanısına varılmıştır.Öğe Evaluation of clinical, radiological, ultrasonographic and microbiological findings of septic arthritis in 50 calves(INIFAP-CENID PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA, 2019) Yurdakul, IbrahimIn this study, it was aimed to evaluate clinical, radiological, ultrasonographic and microbiological findings of calves with septic arthritis. Study material consisted of 50 calves with arthritis in different stocks and gender and aged between 4 to 150 d, brought to the clinic between 2016 and 2017 with lameness complaint. After obtaining medical histories, physical and microbiological examinations of calves' clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, synovial samples were conducted. Clinically, monoarthritis was detected in 37 calves and polyarthritis was detected in 13 calves. Most of the lesions were observed in carpal and tarsal joints. In radiography results, increased opacity was found in joints with arthritis, intraarticular narrowing and degeneration on joint surface. In ultrasonographic examinations, the hyperechogenic heterogeneous appearance of synovial fluid and a smooth and apparent hyperechoic joint capsule in articular cartilage surface were observed in 43 cases. Most commonly, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 13 cases, Trueperella pyogenes was detected in 8 cases, Streptococcus pluranimalium was detected in 8 cases, Mycoplasma bovis was detected in 5 cases, Escherichia coli was detected in 5 cases, Saprophyte spp. was detected in 1 case and Acinetobacter spp. was detected in 1 case in microbiological examination of synovial fluid. In conclusion, the together evaluation of clinical, radiological, ultrasonographic and microbiological findings in the diagnosis of septic arthritis, which is frequently encountered in calves and which causes serious economic losses with high mortality rates, would be a more effective approach for clinical practitioners in terms of treatment and prognosis.Öğe Evaluation of hematological parameters, oxidative stress, Iron and unsaturated Iron binding capacity levels in Kangal shepherd dogs, before and after orchiectomy(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Uslu, Baris AtalayGonadectomy is a widely used method in reproductive health management, and behavior disorder therapies of domestic animals. Anemia and its development, one of the complications of surgical castration, which has been done so much recently in shelter dogs and dogs kept at home, has been investigated in male Kangal shepherd dogs. In castrated male Kangal shepherd dogs was to investigate the relationship between gonadectomy and oxidant and antioxidant levels, Iron (Fe) concentrations, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and some blood parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, RDW, MCHC). Blood samples were taken from 20 adult Kangal dogs brought to a clinic before castration (Day 0) and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days. Some biochemical analyzes and blood parameters were evaluated in the blood samples taken. For this purpose, serum total oxidant- antioxidant capacity (TAC-TOC), Iron (Fe) concentrations, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and some blood parameters (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, RDW, MCHC) were examined. In this study, it was evaluated the relationship between gonadectomy and oxidant-antioxidant capacity and Fe metabolism at some serum parameters in male dogs. After the orchidectomy operation, a remarkable decrease in clinical and statistical blood parameters was observed. As a result of this study, in the analysis of blood parameters, a severe picture of anemia was observed. It was determined an important role in erythropoiesis, with orchidectomy. The statistical difference in blood parameters (P<0.05) was indicative of this.Öğe Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A and Procalcitonin in Some Inflammatory Diseases of Cattle(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020) Basbug, Onur; Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Yuksel, MuratRecent study in humans and animals has been focused on inflammatory biomarkers that infectious diseases, such as serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), that may more accurately and efficiently diagnose inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate SAA and PCT levels in the diagnosis of cattle with inflammatory disease. Ten healthy control cattle and 64 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were included in cattle. Inflammatory disease in cattle was diagnosed based on clinical signs and the laboratory examination in clinically suspected cases. SAA and PCT concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA assay for cattle. SAA and PCT concentrations in cattle with inflammatory disease were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (respectively, P<0.001, P<0.008). Concentrations of SAA and PCT at admission were significantly (r = 0.376, P<0.01) correlated with outcome in cattle with inflammatory conditions. The cut-off value of SAA and PCT for healthy and inflammatory cattle was determined 28.52 mu g/mL and 149.55 pg/mL. In conclusion, PCT levels may be used as an alternative to serum SAA measurement as an indicator of acute inflammation in cattle. Serum PCT concentrations were similar to 9 times higher in the cattle with peritonitis than in the healthy cattle, suggesting that PCT could be a useful marker of peritonitis in cattle.Öğe Evaluation of the relationship between periodontal diseases and oxidative stress parameters in cats(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Catak, Mehmet AkifPeriodontal disease, which is defined as inflammation of the tissues and supporting structures surrounding the teeth, can be observed in cats starting from the age of 2. Periodontal diseases start with Gingivitis, which is the early stage of periodontal disease. Gingivitis can arise from inflammation of the gums due to plaque, a white or yellowish biofilm of bacteria on the tooth surface, and the toxins produced by these bacteria. It can also result from inflammation of the periodontal tissues, including dental calculus or other periodontal tissues. A total of 242 cats were brought to the clinic for surgical diseases and 14 cats (5.78%) were found to have periodontal diseases. Although there have been several studies on oxidative stress, there are very few publications investigating the relationship between oxidative stress and periodontal diseases in cats. The aim of this study is to measure serum MDA, IMA and GSH concentrations and SOD and CAT activities in cats with periodontal diseases and to evaluate the relationship between oxidant and antioxidant status, which are indicators of oxidative stress. In the study, blood samples taken from cats with periodontal disease were centrifuged and serum was removed. MDA and IMA levels of cats with periodontal disease were found to be significantly higher than in cats that recovered after treatment ( P <0.001). SOD, CAT and GSH levels were determined to be significantly lower cats with periodontal disease than recovered cats ( P <0.001). In conclusion, this study reveals that there is a relationship between periodontal diseases and oxidant/antioxidant balance in cats and it shows that the oxidative stress develop due to the increase of free radicals.Öğe Measurement of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet (R)) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet (R))(POLISH SOC VETERINARY SCIENCES EDITORIAL OFFICE, 2018) Kulualp, Kadri; Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Erol, Hanifi; Atalan, Gultekin; Kilic, ServetThe current study was undertaken to establish reference values of intraocular pressure in clinically normal Turkish Shepherd Dogs with the rebound tonometer (TonoVet (R)) and the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen Vet (R)). Twenty-eight dogs (14 male and 14 female, aged 9 months-9 years, 56 eyes) were used in this study. All animals were healthy and showed no abnormalities in ophthalmic examinations, which consisted of the Schirmer tear test, slit lamp bio-microscopy, and fluorescein staining. The animals were restrained manually without using systemic anesthetics or tranquilizers. IOP was measured in both eyes with a TonoVet (R) and a Tono-Pen Vet (R). In normal dogs, the mean IOP values for all eyes were 17.63 +/- 3.34 mmHg according to the TonoVet (R) and 14.95 +/- 2.92 mmHg according to the Tono-Pen Vet (R). There was no effect of sex, age, or eye side (right vs. left) on the results obtained with either the TonoVet (R) or the Tono-Pen Vet (R). The mean IOP obtained with the rebound tonometer was 2-3 mmHg higher than that measured with the applanation tonometer. The reference data obtained in the present study may assist in diagnostic testing for ophthalmic diseases in Turkish Shepherd Dogs and may promote further studies in this area.Öğe The right displacement of the abomasum complicated with abomasitis in a calf(ANKARA UNIV PRESS, 2018) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Aydogdu, UgurIn this case, it was intended to define the right displacement of the abomasum complicated with abomasitis in 45 days old unweaned Brown Swiss male calf with clinical and ultrasonographic examination and further to report the operative treatment results. Metallic ping and splashing sounds were heard on the right side in the percussion of the 10-13th intercostal space. Right abomasal displacement was confirmed by ultrasonography. After the diagnosis of the illness, its treatment was done operatively through the right abdominal wall. During the operation, approximately 6 L content was emptied from the abomasum. Edema, ulceration and inflammation were seen on the abomasum wall. As a result, it was determined that abomasitis could develop together with the displacement of the abomasum to the right, which is rarely seen in calves. Successful results can be obtained by bringing the abomasum to its normal position during the treatment made through the right abdominal wall.Öğe The Slaughtening Causes with Dental and Gingival Lesions in Dairy Cows within Postmortem Period(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2018) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Ozdemir, Ozge; Sen, IlkerBackground: A regular and balanced feeding is essential for the animals in order to maintain their normal physiological function and be productive at the desired level. Digestion activities start with chewing in the mouth and the healthy dental arch is needed to perform a complete chewing function. Abnormal dental development and other dental pathologies impair digestive functions by negatively affecting chewing functions. The aim of the present study was to classified dental anomalies, dental degenerations, dental and gingival lesions seen in dairy cows and was aimed to reveal these lesions and depending on these disorders the reasons for slaughtering in dairy cows. Materials, Methods & Results: The material of this study consists of 600 dairy cows, being slaughtered for a year, and 170 dairy cows, detected dental anomalies, dental degenerations and dental-gingival lesions in the postmortem examination. Detailed macroscopic and radiological examinations of mandibles and maxillae of the dairy cows with dental and gingival lesions in postmortem examination were performed. The detailed information of the cases, such as: age, race, breeding, living region and slaughtering causes, etc. of dairy cows, suffering from dental lesions was recorded from slaughterhouse data access. In this study, 87 cases (51.18%) of the determined dental lesions were defined as dental degeneration, 34 cases (20%) as caries, 30 cases (17.64%) as dental abnormalities in the formation and dental arch and 19 cases (11.18%) as periodontal inflammation. Discussion: In dairy cow breeding, there is a close relationship between production costs and business profitability and animal disease and fertility problems. Although the existence of negative effects of dental lesions directly on the digestive functions is known in dairy cattle breeding; there was no study about the state of dental diseases in dairy cow. In this respect, this research is quite important both for revealing the proportion of dental diseases seen in dairy cow and for drawing attention to the relationship between these diseases and the reasons for slaughtering of dairy cow. In this study, various dental anomalies, dental degenerations, dental and gingival lesions (28.33%) were detected in 170 dairy cows, decreased milk production in 38 cases (22.35%), infertility in 65 cases (38.24%), gastrointestinal system diseases such as abomasal dislocation, constipation and indigestion in 38 cases (22.35%) and foot diseases in 19 cases (11.18%). Also, economic reasons were determined as slaughtering reasons in 10 (5.88%) of the cases. The results of this research indicate that dental and gingival lesions may be regarded as preliminary results in the development of digestive system diseases, and then the various detailed clinical studies are needed to determine whether there is a relationship between digestive system diseases and dental diseases. As a result, this study first classified the dental lesions determined after slaughter in cattle and revealed the relationship between the reasons for slaughtering of dairy cows of the determined dental lesions. The results obtained in this study showed that dental anomalies, caries and periodontal inflammation effect significantly on the dairy cow fertility.Öğe The Effect of Enteritis, Pneumonia and Omphalitis on Oxidative/Antioxidant Balance in the Calves(2019) Yurdakul, Ibrahim; Aydogdu, UgurIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of enteritis, pneumonia and omphalitis onoxidative/antioxidant balance in the calves. In total, 27 calves with neonatal disease and 10 healthycalves (control) were used. The sick calves were divided into 3 groups according to localizationof infection, omphalitis (n = 10), pneumonia (n = 8) and enteritis (n = 9). Blood samples of thecalves were taken from jugular vein for analysis. Blood in tubes without anticoagulant wascentrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min following clotting, and the sera were removed and stored at-80°C until analyzed. Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels of all groups weresignificantly higher, while glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutaselevels were significantly lower compared to the control group. As a conclusion, diarrhea,pneumonia and omphalitis are caused by oxidative damage in the calves, and antioxidant treatmentmay be beneficial in the treatment of these diseases.Öğe The effects of local and systemic inflammatory status on iron metabolism and lipid profile in calves(2020) Aydogdu, Ugur; Yurdakul, IbrahimAim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects oflocal and systemic inflammatory status on iron metabolismand lipid profile in calves.Materials and Methods: A total of 56 calves, 39 sick and 17healthy, were used in the study in different races and gen-ders. The sick calves were divided into two groups as local (8omphalitis and 11 arthritis) and systemic (10 enteritis and10 pneumonia) inflammations. After routine clinical exami-nations of all the animals were performed, 8 ml of blood wastaken for blood analysis and biochemical analyses were per-formed.Results: Serum iron, total cholesterol (TC), high density li-poprotein (HDL) and albumin levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in calves with local and systemic inflammationcompared to the control group. Serum urea and creatinine le-vels were significantly (p <0.05) higher in calves with syste-mic inflammation compared to the control group.Conclusion: As a result, it was evaluated that low iron, totalcholesterol, HDL and albumin levels may indicate to local andsystemic inflammation in calves.
