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    Innovative drug carrier systems containing graphene
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Akgun, Umut; Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Algin Yapar, Eyren; Yurdasiper, Aysu; Buyukkayhan, Deqa
    Research on graphene and graphene oxide have increased in recent years due to their properties, which give advantages for drug delivery systems. They have hexagonal and two dimensional-2D structures with one atom thick. Drug delivery systems which include these molecules are able to go into cells and reach tissues and organs. Additionally, a high amount of drugs can be loaded due to their large surface area. Graphene oxide has functional groups that gain more ability to adsorption than graphene. Both of them are used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes including medical imaging. They also both have antibacterial activity and graphene oxide has stronger activity than graphene. Due to its structural properties graphene oxide is more preferred in drug delivery studies. In this review studies of graphene and graphene oxide containing drug delivery systems have been overviewed.
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    Recent approaches in topical acne treatment and drug delivery
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Gunaydin, Aysu; Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Algin Yapar, Evren; Yurdasiper, Aysu
    Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic disease of the hair follicles associated with the sebaceous glands. Disease factors include occlusion of follicles, hyperkeratinizations, keratin plug formation, enlargement of the sebum gland and increased sebum production. The selection of drugs to be applied in acne treatment is made according to criteria such as the degree of acne lesions, the preferred route of administration, and the patient's medical condition. With its large surface area, the skin is a high potential route for drug release, so topical agents have a wide range of uses. However, these agents often have disadvantages such as dry skin, peeling and skin irritation or bacterial resistance. In order to minimize these disadvantages, new drug delivery systems have been developed. Drug delivery systems are biocompatible systems that enable the transport of molecules for pharmaceutical applications. These systems are usually designed at nanometric and micrometric levels for purposes such as increasing site specificity and penetration. Topical drug delivery systems are preferred due to eliminating the need for systemic drug treatments, minimizing the total dose required to reach the targeted layers in the skin, and reducing side effects. Nanotechnological approaches such as particulate, vesicular, colloidal drug delivery systems and various other systems have an important place in the treatment of acne. These approaches offer significant opportunities for designing novel, low-dose and effective treatment systems to control acne. In this review, recent approaches to topical acne treatments and drug delivery have been overviewed.