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Öğe Chemical and functional composition and biological activities of Anatolian Hypericum scabrum L. plant(2023) Durna Daştan, SevgiHypericum scabrum L. plant has wide use in ethnopharmacology and is cultivated both naturally and technologically. This study was conducted to determine chemical and functional properties and in vitro biological activities as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer composition of H. scabrum L. (Hypericaceae) from Anatolia. This plant was collected from Elazıg and Sivas province of Turkey. The ICP-OES method was used for the investigation of the heavy metal composition and GC–MS analysis was used for the defining of chemical components. Antimicrobial qualifications of plant extracts were investigated on 8 different microorganisms by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. Antioxidant activities were inves- tigated by using Diagnostic kits, which provide 99% reliable results with chemical reduction reactions. In vitro anticancer properties of the extracts were investigated on 5 different cell lines by using MTT method. It was observed that the flower and leaf parts of Hypericum plant have a very high antioxidant capacity and has mediocre antimicrobial activity only on 2 microorganisms. Also moderate cytotoxic ac- tivities on some cell lines were determined. It is thought that H. scabrum plant has functional bioactive compounds and might be anÖğe Investigation of gene expression levels in thyroid tissues of rats treated with Wi-Fi electromagnetic wave (2.4–3 GHz Wi-Fi RF-EMF)(2023) Sevgi Durna DaştanA B S T R A C T In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of wireless waves applied to rats in the thyroid tissue by evaluating gene expression levels on 12 determined gene regions. 20 healthy 16-week-old Wistar albino female rats weighting 200–220 g were used. In the experiments, two groups, control and experimental groups, were formed, and ten female rats were used in each group. While WI-FI electromagnetic field was applied to the experimental group of these rats, nothing was applied to the control group. Many different gene regions, including beta catenin, beta-actin, GAPDH, L3B, HIF 1-Alpha, GSk-3B, TCF, WNT7a, WNT10a, WNT2, Beclin 1 and Beclin 2, ATG5 and ATG12, were investigated. ACTB and GAPDH gene primers were used as a house keeping gene. The fold change values were calculated statistically from the data obtained from the gene expression results. Compared to the control group, it was observed that the experimental group had significant increases in gene expression levels of many gene regions investigated in the study (P<0.05). Among the study groups, 12 different genes such as beta catenin, beta-actin, GAPDH, L3B, HIF 1-Alpha, GSk-3B, TCF, WNT7a, WNT10a, WNT2, Beclin 1 and Beclin 2, ATG5 and ATG12, which we have determined according to the literature, are known to be related to autophagy and oxidative stress. When the expression levels were investigated, it was determined that the expression coefficients of all the genes studied in the wnt/ß catenin pathway in the experimental group of rats exposed to the Wi-Fi EMÖğe Phylogenetic analysis of Prunus genus using nuclear and chloroplast gene markers as a bioorganic structure profiling. Abdulrahman SS; Dastan SD; Shahbaz SE; Selamoglu Z. 2023. Journal of Molecular structure, 2023, 1284 DOI10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135300(2023) Sevgi Durna DaştanPrunus species are known as model species for the family Rosaceae and other woody plants with their small genome size and relatively small life cycle as woody plants. Also Prunus species are economically important plants in the subfamily A mygdaloideae of the Rosaceae have a controversial taxonomic history due to the lack of a phylogenetic framework. Therefore, mapping, classification, determination the ge- netic structure and characterization of genes as a spesific chemical and fuctional units of nucleic acids and making phylogenetic analysis in these species have important implications. The aim of this study to find any gene markers as a bioorganic –chemical structure profiling to determine genetic diversity of dif- ferent Prunus species from Iraq by using nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers to evaluate the phylogeny of Prunus. A total of 12 species Prunus subgenus amygdalus were collected from Iraq. Ten gene region markers on both nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA have been tested to evaluate the genetic variation at their molecular levels by using multiplex PCR with 10 gene region primers and sequence analysis for matK. The name of the gene regions using in this study are ITS (ITS1 + ITS2 + 5.8S coding region), rbcL, matK, rpl16, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, rp136-infA-rps8, trnK-rps16, pbsM-trnD, psbA-trnH. As a result, five dif- ferent phylogenetic trees were obtained from the gene sequences of the samples and the base sequences were close to each other. The estimated value of the shape parameter for the discrete Gamma Distribu- tion is 0.05. The nucleotide frequencies are A = 29.41%, T/ U = 37.37%, C = 17.52%, and G = 15.67%. The nucleotide diversity of the sequenceÖğe Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin in Diabetes: A Review and Perspective(biomed research international, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiDiabetes is a metabolic disease with multifactorial causes which requires lifelong drug therapy as well as lifestyle changes. There is now growing scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of the use of herbal supplements in the prevention and control of diabetes. Curcumin is one of the most studied bioactive components of traditional medicine, but its physicochemical characteristics are represented by low solubility, poor absorption, and low efficacy. Nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical formulations can help overcome the problems of reduced bioavailability of curcumin and increase its antidiabetic effects. The objectives of this review were to review the effects of nanocurcumin on DM and to search for databases such as PubMed/ MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. The results showed that the antidiabetic activity of nanocurcumin is due to complex pharmacological mechanisms by reducing the characteristic hyperglycemia of DM. In light of thesÖğe The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor in neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and targeted therapies(neurochemistry international, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiNeurodegenerative disorders Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with neuroinflammatory responses that lead to the neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons. These neuroinflammatory mechanisms involve various cytokines produced by the activated glial cells. Tumour Necrosis factor α (TNF α) is one of the major mediators of the neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. TNF α has a dual role of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in the brain. The effective pathways of TNF involve various signalling pathways transduced by the receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Effective therapeutic strategies have been produced targeting the neurotoxic behaviour of the Tumour Necrosis Factor and the associated neurodegeneration which includes the use of Dominant Negative Tumour Necrosis Factor (DN-TNF) inhibitors like XENP 345 and XPro®1595 and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonistÖğe A Review on Tradescantia: Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities and Health-Promoting Effects(Frontiers in Bioscience landmark, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiTradescantia is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Commelinaceae family and organized into three infrageneric classifications and 12 sections. More than 80 species within the genus have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes. Phytochemical compounds (from various species of the genus) such as coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids and terpenoids have recently been characterized and described with antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer or antimicrobial properties. The objective of this review is to describe the different aspects of the genus Tradescantia, including its botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, biological activities, and safety aspects.Öğe Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and miR34a mimics mediated activation of death receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines(cancer nanotechnology, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiAbstractNano-biotechnology-based clinical applications to cure health-related issues have gained huge attention among the scientific community and hold great promise to limit cancer metastasis. In this study, green-derived silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using leaf extract of Litchi chinensis. Characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was performed by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDS, and SEM analysis. The clinical application of green-drive nanoparticles was investigated by using MCF-7 cancer cell lines. MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were analyzed against three different treatments. (i) Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (ii) miR34a mimics and (iii) Co-delivery of AgNPs and miR34a mimics. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and, extraction of mRNA and cDNA synthesis were performed after successful cellular transfection. qRT-PCR was done for expression analysis of DR4 and DR5 upon exogenous delivery of all 3 treatments. Results indicate that L. chinensis leaves have a significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents and also possess massive antioxidant activity. The diameter of nanoparticles was observed in the range of 41–55 nm. It was concluded that green-derived silver nanoparticles can be a potential contributing agent for cancer prevention and are reported to upregulate the expression of DR4 and DR5 by 0.8-folds and 3.7-folds, respectively.Öğe Potent In Vitro Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibition of Flavone Isolated from Pistacia integerrima Galls(biomed research international, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiTo prospect an isozyme-specific, effective inhibitor against the physiologically-crucial enzyme phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), phytochemicals from Pistacia integerrima galls were screened. The chloroform fraction of gall extract was subjected to column chromatographic which led to the isolation of compound 1, elucidated to be 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4Hchromen-4-one (a flavone). In vitro and in silico PDE1 inhibitory activity of the compound 1 was investigated. EDTA, a known PDE1 inhibitor, was used as the reference. The flavone exhibited in vitro attenuation towards snake venom PDE1. IC50 response was superior to the standard chelator. An in silico molecular docking study was carried out using 3D structure of PDE1 to study the binding interactions of compound 1. The docking study predicted that flavone had a lower binding affinity (-7.6 kcal/mol) and total energy (-95 kcal/mol) score compared to EDTA. The minimal energy associated with the ligandprotein complex implied that isolated compound 1 can serve as a therapeutic agent against PDE1 enzyme-provoked ailments like asthma, hypertension, schizophrenia, and erectile dysfunction.Öğe A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Senna Plants(oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiThe use of phytochemicals is gaining interest for the treatment of metabolic syndromes over the synthetic formulation of drugs. Senna is evolving as one of the important plants which have been vastly studied for its beneficial effects. Various parts of Senna species including the root, stem, leaves, and flower are found rich in numerous phytochemicals. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical experiments established that extracts from Senna plants have diverse beneficial effects by acting as a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. In this review, Senna genus is comprehensively discussed in terms of its botanical characteristics, traditional use, geographic presence, and phytochemical profile. The bioactive compound richness contributes to the biological activity of Senna plant extracts. The review emphasizes on the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant and anti-infectious properties of the Senna plant. Preclinical studies confirmed the beneficial effects of the Senna plant extracts and its bioactive components in regard to the health-promoting activities. The safety, side effects, and therapeutic limitations of the Senna plant are also discussed in this review. Additional research is necessary to utilize the phenolic compounds towards its use as an alternative to pharmacological treatments and even as an ingredient in functional foodsÖğe Ethnopharmacological-Based Validation of Polyalthia suberosa Leaf Extract in Neurological, Hyperalgesic, and Hyperactive Gut Disorders Using Animal Models(evidence based complementary and alternative medicine, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiPolyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) is a plant used to cure coughs, dysentery, fevers, joint aches, rheumatic pain, inflammation, and a variety of skin diseases. *e aim of the study was to evaluate the ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa (P. suberosa) leaves and their effects on mice for neuropharmacological, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities. For neurological studies, the hole cross, hole board, open field, and thiopental sodium-induced sleep duration measurement methodologies were used. *e castor oil-induced diarrhea inhibition test was used to assess antidiarrheal action, and the acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition test was used to determine analgesic effectiveness. *e extract was given in doses of 250 and 500 mg kg−1 body weight. As a standard drug, diazepam at a dosage of 3 mg kg−1 was used. *e extract was also given to groups, and sleep time was measured and recorded. *e onset of the anxiolytic effect of the extract at both doses was found to be significant (p < 0.001), and sleep time increased to 273 minutes. For assessing analgesic activity, the extract along with standard diclofenac was administered and found to be 55.02 percent and 64.33 percent, respectively, for the extracts, and diclofenac was found to be 67.44 percent (p < 0.001). For antidiarrheal activity, it was compared with the standard drug, loperamide. *e decrease for plant extracts was 50.07 percent and 70.06 percent at 250 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1 , respectively, whereas it was 85.01 percent for loperamide (3 mg kg−1 ) (p < 0.00). In this study, it was found that ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa leaves had strong CNS depressant, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities, which indicates that it may be used in contemporary medicineÖğe Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential(oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiEllagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseasesÖğe Urtica dioica-Derived Phytochemicals for Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications(evidence based complementary and alternative medicine, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiUrtica dioica belongs to the Urticaceae family and is found in many countries around the world. 1is plant contains a broad range of phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, sterols, fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans, that have been widely reported for their excellent pharmacological activities, including antiviral, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, anticancer, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiarthritis, antidiabetic, antiendometriosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging effects. In this regard, this review highlights fresh insight into the medicinal use, chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and safety profile of U. dioica to guide future works to thoroughly estimate their clinical value.Öğe Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites Based on the Regulation of MicroRNAs(biomed research international, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiMicroRNA (miRNA), a noncoding ribonucleic acid, is considered to be important for the progression of gene expression in plants and animals by rupture or translational repression of targeted mRNAs. Many types of miRNA regulate plant metabolism, growth, and response to biotic and abiotic factors. miRNA characterization helps to expose its function in regulating the process of post-transcriptional genetic regulation. There are a lot of factors associated with miRNA function, but the function of miRNA in the organic synthesis of by-products by natural products is not yet fully elucidated. The current review is aimed at observing and characterizing miRNAs and identifying those involved in the functioning of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants, with their use in controlled manipulation.Öğe Evaluation of mutagenesis, necrosis and apoptosis induced by omeprazole in stomach cells of patients with gastritis(cancer cell international, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiBackground: Gastritis is a superfcial and prevalent infammatory lesion that is considered a public health concern once can cause gastric ulcers and gastric cancer, especially when associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are the most widely used drugs to treat this illness. The aim of the study was evaluate cytogenetic efects of omeprazole in stomach epithelial cells of patients with gastritis in presence and absence of H. pylori, through cytogenetic biomarkers and catalse and superoxide dismutase analysis. Methods: The study included 152 patients from the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Teresina—Brazil, that reported continuous and prolonged omeprazole use in doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg. The par‑ ticipants were divided into groups: (1) patients without gastritis (n=32); (2) patients without gastritis but with OME use (n=24); (3) patients with gastritis (n=26); (4) patients with gastritis undergoing OME therapy (n=26); (5) patients with gastritis and H. pylori (n=22) and (6) patients with gastritis and H. pylori on OME therapy (n=22). Results: OME induced cytogenetic imbalance in the stomach epithelium through the formation of micronuclei (group 6>1, 2, 3, 4, 5; group 5>1, 2, 3; group 4>1, 2, 3); bridges (groups 4 and 6>1, 2, 3, 5 and group 2>3, 5); buds (groups 2,4,6>, 1, 3, 5); binucleated cells (group 6>1, 2, 3, 4, 5; group 4>1, 2, 3); (groups 2 and 3>1); picnoses (group 6>1, 2, 3, 4, 5), groups 2 and 5>1, 3; group 4>1, 2, 3, 5); cariorrexis (groups 6 and 4>1, 2, 3, 5; groups 2, 3, 5>1) and karyolysis (groups 2, 4, and 6>1, 3, 5; groups 3 and 5>1). The OME cytogenetic instability was associated with H. pylori infection, indicating clastogenic/aneugenic efects, chromosomes alterations, gene expression changes, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Conclusions: The cytogenetic changescan be attributed to several mechanisms that are still unclear, including oxi‑ dative damage, as observed by increased catalase and superoxide dismutase expresion. Positive correlations betweeÖğe Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives(oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiPlants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin’s pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin’s nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin’s safety profileÖğe Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiNeuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Nowadays, using medicinal plants as an alternative medication has been considered due to their biological safety. Despite the wide range of medications, many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects and eventually lose their response. By considering the therapeutic advantages of medicinal plants in the case of side effects, patients may prefer to use them instead of chemical drugs. Today, the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is diverse and increasing, and these plants are a precious heritage for humanity. Investigation about traditional medicine continues, and several studies have indicated the basic pharmacology and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine. In this article, we discuss five of the most important and common psychiatric illnesses investigated in various studies along with conventional therapies and their pharmacological therapies. For this comprehensive review, data were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, DynaMed Plus, ScienceDirect, and TRIP database. Preclinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed biocompounds are presented in detail. The bioactive compounds analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Although comparative studies have been carefully reviewed in the preclinical pharmacology field, no clinical studies have been found to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicines compared to FDA-approved medicines for the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, future clinical studies are needed to accelerate the potential use of natural compounds in the management of these diseases.Öğe The effects of thymoquinone on pancreatic cancer: Evidence from preclinical studies(Elsevier BV, 2022) Durna Daştan, SevgiThymoquinone (TQ) is a secondary metabolite found in abundance in very few plant species including Nigella sativa L., Monarda fistulosa L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Satureja montana L. Preclinical pharmacological studies have shown that TQ has many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that TQ acts as an antitumor agent by altering cell cycle progression, inhibiting cell proliferation, stimulating apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, reducing metastasis and affecting autophagy. In this comprehensive study, the evidence on the pharmacological potential of TQ on pancreatic cancer is reviewed. The positive results of preclinical studies support the view that TQ can be considered as an additional therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer. The possibilities of success for this compound in human medicine should be further explored through clinical trials.Öğe Autoimmunity and genetics(Cambridge Scholar publication, 2021) Durna Daştan, SevgiUnlike 50 years ago, autoimmunity is today a widely recognized phenomenon with registered cases encompassing more than 5% of the world populace with at least 40 different autoimmune disorders (Mori et al. 2005). Notwithstanding this increased recognition, treatment fields are lagging behind mainly due to the hardships of following up recent developments in the cellular and molecular immunology field by physicians. Again, it should be implied that autoimmunity related diseases have connections to varying medical specializations, all of which have their own strict foci. As for the immunomodulatory drugs, physicians are able to utilize such drugs only in specified conditions as opposed to the general application of immunomodulation. Overall, medical fields are a long way from having a universal approach to autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that the attainment of the entire current understanding of immunology by all practitioners would be fanciful at best. Therefore, some commonplace concepts for a proper immunologist are addressed for improving physicians’ understanding on immunopathology that might support them in their therapy designations.Öğe Epigenetics and Autoimmunity(Cambridge Scholar publication, 2021) Durna Daştan, Sevgi; Baral, inançThe immune system is a complex system that forms the defense mechanism against diseases in a living thing, recognizes and destroys pathogens and tumor cells, and protects the body from foreign and harmful substances. Autoimmunity is the impairment of immunological tolerance and an immune response against one's own antigens. Autoimmunity is still not fully understood for its reasons and treatment possibilities. We examined the immune system and autoimmunity in terms of its causes, mechanism of occurrence and its relationship with various diseases and treatment approaches. New studies on immunity and autoimmunity are constantly being carried out, and new diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are emerging. For this reason, it is important to follow and compile current studies. This book will examine current, emerging, and cutting edge approaches to autoimmunity. This book discusses the issue of immunity and autoimmunity in different aspects such as epigenetics, genetics, pregnancy, microbiota, male and female infertility, anesthesia applications, HIV, covid- 19, foods and more.Öğe Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns(2021) Durna Daştan, Sevgi; Semwal, Prabhawakar; Painuli, Sakshi; Painuli, Kartik; antika, gizem; boyunegmez tumer, tugba; Thapliyal, Ashish; Setzer, William, N.,; Morterell, Miguell; Al-shehri, Mohammed; tahari, yasaman; Ayatollahi, Seyed Abdulmajid; Petkovska, anka trajkovska; Rad, Javad sharifi; Cho, William cThe genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, Hindawi Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2021, Article ID 1917890, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1917890 hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as “Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits” from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.
