Zootekni ve Hayvan Beslenme Bölümü Kitap Koleksiyonu

Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12418/277

Listeleniyor 1 - 10 / 10

Evaluation of Herbal Extracts Used in Broiler Feeding in Terms of Performance, Meat Quality, Biochemical and Other Parameters
(Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi v e Ticaret A .Ş., 2023) Gümüş, Recep
Antibiotics have been used as increase growth performance and health protectors in poultry feeds for many years. The use o f antibiotics has been banned in many countries, including our country, due to the fact that antibiotics are found to leave residues in meat and pose a risk to consumers. However, as an alternative to antibiotics, herbal extracts have started to be used as increase growth performance and health protectors in feeds. Active compounds contained in plants have many effects such as growth stimulant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoccidial and anti-inflammatory. Due to these effects, they provide important benefits in increasing the immune system and not adversely affecting the performance against the negative effects that may occur due to yield-related stress and environmental factors in broiler feeding. As a matter o f fact, it has been observed that the compounds contained in many plant extracts have positive effects on growth performance and health in poultry. In this review, it is aimed to outline the updated scientific information on the effects of herbal extracts used instead of synthetic additives in broiler nutrition on performance, meat quality, biochemical and other parameters.
The Nutrition of Dairy Cattle in Dry Period
(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Rektörlük Matbaası, 2023) Gümüş, Recep
The dry period is a critical period for both the cow and the fetus, covering the last two months of pregnancy in cows. During this period, the nutritional needs of the cow increase as the development of the fetus is quite rapid. In the ration, especially protein and energy should be arranged according to needs. However, in this period, overfeeding as well as underfeeding can cause some negative situations. Feeding cows with highenergy rations causes adiposity, leading to some metabolic disorders, especially difficu lt birth. Vitamin and mineral levels are as important as energy and protein levels in the ration. During this period, attention should be paid to the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels of the diet in terms of milk fever. Since the dry period allows the udder tissue of the cow to renew itself, it also has a positive effect on the future lactation yield. For all these reasons, paying attention to some rules in dry period nutrition has a positive effect on the cow's productivity and health.
The Nutrition of Calves
(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Rektörlük Matbaası, 2023) Gümüş, Recep
Obtaining a calf from a cow every year in dairy cattle farms is very important for the future and profitability of the farm. In addition, it is necessary to raise young animals with high productivity to replace the aging or non-productive animals in the herd due to various reasons. For these reasons, it is important to care and feed calves from birth to weaning. When calves are born, their stomach functions are different from adult cattle, they show preruminant characteristics and they gain ruminant function over time depending on nutrition. In this respect, the physiology and nutrition of the digestive system differ. In this respect, the type of diet and the content of nutrients to be applied in this period, which is kind of similar to the transition period, are effective on the development of the forestomach of calves. Key aspects common to all calf feeding systems include the composition and amount of liquid feed, the availability of water and the first starter feeds offered. In this study, information was given about the feeding of calves from birth to weaning age.
Prebiyotikler ve Kanatlılarda Verim Özelliklerine Etkileri
(Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları, 26.08.2023) Özbilgin Abdullah
Bu çalışmanın amacı prebiyotik tanımı, yapısında bulunan bileşikler, etki mekanizması ve kanatlı beslemede kullanımıyla ilgili verim özellikleri üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Genel çerçevede prebiyotik, gıdalarda ve bitkilerde doğal olarak bulunan; ayrıca enzimatik yöntemlerle laktoz veya sakkarozdan sentezlenen ve barsaklarda bulunan faydalı bakterilerin çoğalmasını seçici olarak destekleyen sağlığa yararları olan maddeler olarak tanımlan maktadır. Prebiyotik bileşikler ise çoğunlukla karbonhidratların alt grubu olan oligosakkaritlerdir. Prebiyotikler mekanik olarak sindirim sisteminin ön kısmında sindirilmeyip kolo na ulaştıklarında faydalı bakteriler tarafından fermentasyona uğramaktadır. Prebiyotikler, kısa zincirli yağ asiti (KZYA) üretimiyle barsak pH’sını düşürerek patojen bakterilerin çoğlamasını önlemektedir. Kanatlı beslemede tek başına ya da probiyotiklerle birlikte diyete katıldıklarında kanatlılarda büyüme performansı ve yumurta kalitesi üzerine olumlu etkiler oluşturmaktadır.
Kanatlı Beslemede Nane Esans Yağı Kullanımı
(Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları, 26.08.2023) Özbilgin, Abdullah
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kanatlı beslemede kullanılan esans yağlardan olan nanenin çeşitleri, kimyasal yapısı ve kanatlı beslemede kullanımının etkilerini incelemektir. Esans yağlar, zen gin bir kimyasal bileşime ve çeşitli biyolojik özelliklere sahip doğal bitki ürünleridir. Hayvan beslemede takviye olarak antibiyotik yerine esans yağ kullanımının en yaygın sebepleri, an tibiyotik kullanımının oluşturduğu antimikrobiyel direncinin yanı sıra, dirençli bakterilerin or taya çıkmasına katkıda bulunması ve insan sağlığı için ciddi riskler barındırma gibi etkileri nin olmamasıdır. Dünya genelinde Mentha arvensis (Japon nanesi), M. piperita (İngiliz nanesi) ve M. spicata (bahçe nanesi) türleri yetiştirilmektedir. Ülkemizde, çoğunlukla bahçe nanesi yetiştirilmekte olup, son yıllarda mentol içeriği sebebiyle İngiliz nanesi türlerinin de yetişti rilmeye başlandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Nane yağında bulunan mentol, menton, sineol, sitral, linalool ve timol gibi aktif bileşikler performans parametreleri yanı sıra antimikrobiyal ve an tioksidan aktivitelerin olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır. Nane bitkisi ve yağının kanatlı besle mede performans ve yem tüketim parametreleri üzerine olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır.
Genetik Hastalıklara Yaklaşım 2- Klinik Genetik ve Tanılama
(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Rektörlük Matbaası, 2022) Özşensoy, Yusuf; Baral, İnanç
Genetiğin temel kavramlarının öğrenilmesinden sonra hekimlik için önemli olan genetik bo- zukluklarının bilinmesi, bu olaylara yaklaşım ve tanılama yöntemlerinin öğrenilmesi önemli- dir. Bu bölüm kapsamında, genetik hastalık ve bozukluk kavramlarının tanıtımlarının yapıla- cak, bu durumların şekillenmesinde rol oynayan mekanizmalar olan mutasyonlar ve kromo- zom anomalileri ayrıntılı şekilde anlatılacak daha sonra veteriner hekimlerin klinik açıdan tanılama yapmasında kullanabileceği yaklaşımlar olan yöntemlerden ve nasıl kullanılabile- ceğinden bahsedilecektir.
Genetik Hastalıklara Yaklaşım 1 - Temel Kavramlar
(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Rektörlük Matbaası, 2022) Özşensoy, Yusuf; Baral, İnanç
Genetik, karakterlerin kalıtımı ve prensipleri ile meydana gelecek değişimler sonucu ortaya çıkan genetik hastalıkları inceleyen bir bilimdir. Özellikle genetik hastalıkları anlayabilmek ve yaklaşım sunabilmek için genetiğin temel kavramlarının iyi bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bölümde bu amaçla genetiğin önemi ve genetiğin temel kavramları hakkında bilgiler veril- miştir. Bu bölüm içerisinde, DNA’nın yapısının keşfinden sonra meydana gelen gelişmeler sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler ışığında ortaya konulan kavramlar açıklanmıştır. Canlıların sınıflandırılması, genetik materyallerin neler olduğundan başlayarak sahip oldukları özellik- ler ve aralarındaki farklılıklara da değinilerek genetik terimler açıklanmış ve kalıtım meka- nizmalarından bahsedilmiştir. Vakalara yaklaşım ve klinik uygulamalar açısından veteriner hekimlerin bu temellere sahip olması önemlidir.
Cytokines and Genetics
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Durna Daştan, Sevgi; Baral, İnanç
Cytokines are called by different names, and can be indicated as interleukin, lymphokine, chemokine, interferon, and colony-stimulating factor. With a diverse array of functions, cytokines can act as either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory elements, as well as function as growth factors and transcription factors on cells and tissues. There is limited knowledge of cytokine to cell interactions, and how cytokine signaling takes part in pathways for transcription and post-transcriptional processing. Molecular events that are next to cytokines may contain information to develop novel approaches to disease treatments. This chapter will review the genetics of noteworthy cytokines with regard to their expression, and regulation in both transcription and post-transcription levels. Also, epigenetics will be emphasized in contexts of chromosome accessing, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation. As the precise knowledge about cytokines increases, further research can be conducted in regard to effectively including such mechanisms in novel treatment approaches.
The Concepts of Epigenomics and Cell Epigenomes
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Daştan, Taner; Baral, İnanç
Genetics cannot solely explain genetic variations in humans and disease developments. We see varying differences in phenotypes and disease susceptibility in organisms that have the same genetic make-up, e.g., monozygotic twins and cloned animals. The information carried by the genomic sequence is the blueprint, but the final product requires environmental determinants. Here comes the concept of epigenetics, as it is the framework where biochemical interactions between the genome and the environment blend. We can describe epigenetics as mechanisms that are beyond genetics, as such mechanisms alter the result of the genomic blueprint without altering the information itself, i.e., the sequence. Both epigenetics and epigenomics are trending research fields to better evaluate the genotype and the phenotype. The methylation of genetic material is a well-studied and well-known epigenetic marker. The epigenome, as a term, describes the inheritable changes in both the DNA and histone molecular structures, where the methylation and acetylation mechanisms are studied extensively. As the building blocks of the chromatin structure, nucleosomes depend on epigenetic changes, which lead to becoming either tight or loose, based on the particular mechanisms. Chromatin structure changes directly affect the gene expression, e.g., particular gene expression becomes silenced if the gene position has DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation that leads to the condensed form of the chromatin. Inversely, if the said changes were removed, genes in that position would express themselves again. Therefore, epigenetics provides a vigorous and remarkably malleable means for gene expression regulations. Epigenomics includes both the epigenetic mechanisms on the DNA and histones and complicated interactions between the genotype and the phenotype. There are well-known epigenomic changes in DNA, RNA, and protein levels. DNA base changes in somatic cells and chromosome positioning are among the aspects determining the epigenomic scene. Alternative splicing mechanism, RNA processing (editing, capping, Poly-A tailing, etc.), RNA methylation, and regulations conferred by the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA level epigenomic changes. Epigenomic changes at the protein level include various mechanisms of the post- translational modification. Epigenomics research includes total hypomethylation profile of the genome, identification of hypermethylated genes, microRNA-driven gene silencing with DNA methylation, epigenome projects, and DNA-based clinical therapies for different biomedical conditions. This chapter will detail fundamental concepts and basic approaches to both epigenomics and epigenomes.
Use of the Barf Diet in Dog Nutrition
(Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Yayınları No:241, 2022) Abdullah Özbilgin
In recent years, the use of BARF (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food - Raw Meat Based Diet) diet has become more popular in dog and cat feeding, as well as feeding with extruded or pelleted food. The BARF diet for dogs is based on a predator-prey diet, and foods that have not been heat-treated are included in the diet. The diet is formulated to reflect the composition of the prey caught, and vegetables and fruits are often used as a source of muscle, viscera, cartilage, bone and fiber. Generally, the components are 80% muscle, 10% bones, 5% liver and 5% other secretory organs. BARF nutrition is based on the inclusion of raw bones in the diet and is prepared by the addition of ground bone. However, the use of untreated whole bones in the diet involves many risks for the animal. Today, the BARF diet is preferred by pet owners as it is a natural feed. However, while the animal is thought to be fed naturally, it carries many risks. in order to avoid these risks, information should be obtained from veterinarians about the appropriate procedure for the preparation of raw diet.

Güncel Gönderiler