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Öğe The Effect on Reproductive Performance of Different Synchronization Methods Applied in Early Postpartum Process that Kangal Sheep Lambing in the Breeding Season(2022) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraIn recent years, increased costs pushes the sheep breeders. As for Kangal sheep breeders, they completely given up milk and wool production. Because they build their only income on lamb reproduction, they are trying to existence in this tough environment. The material of the study consisted of 160 multiparous (multiple-lambing) sheep and 16 rams used in mating, which conceived out of season (mated in spring), gave birth in SeptemberOctober, and suckled their lambs for about 60-75 days. Animals in group 1 (n:60) were given 1st Prostaglandin F2 α (PGF2α) injection on day 0, and Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG 500 IU) was injected simultaneously with 2nd PGF2α (263 µg Cloprostenol sodium) on day 9th. Animals in group 2 (n:55) were given simultaneous injections of PGF2α and eCG (500 IU) on day 0, and a second injection of PGF2α was administered on day 7. Animals in group 3 (n:37) were injected with a double dose of PGF2α every 9 days. The efficacy of these applications on reproductive parameters such as oestrus, conception, multiple conception, embryonic death, number of births, number of offspring and fertility were evaluated. The difference between different synchronization methods on estrus, pregnancy, embryonic death, birth and number of offspring was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Multiple pregnancies in Group 2 were statistically higher than Group 3 (P=0.048). Considering the number of lambs per birth (productivity) in the groups, it was found as 1.3333, 1.5278 and 1.1667 in Group1, Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. In the statistical evaluation, the productivity of Group 2 was found to be significantly higher than Group 3 (P = 0.03). In the light of these results, it was determined that by reducing the double dose PGF2α application interval to 7 days with standard 9-day intervals in the Kangal breed, multiple pregnancy and lamb productivity per pregnancy could be increased with the combination of eCG in the first application. It was concluded that this application may be a synchronization method that will increase reproductive efficiency in the breeding seasonÖğe Modifiye U-synch Protokolü ile Mevsim Dışı Senkronize Edilen Akkaraman Kangal Irkı Prepubertal Kuzu ve Primipar Koyunlara GnRH ve hCG Uygulamalarının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi(08.08.2019) Takcı, AbdurrahmanSheep are seasonally polyestrous. Our native genetic source Akkaraman-Kangal breed sheep show sexual activity only in breeding season (months of fall) throught year too. Diffirent induction methods are needed to produce lamb out of breeding season). For this purpose, the study conducted on 3 groups which involve 15 prepubertal ewe lamb (10-14 months of age) and 10 primiparous ewe (55-70 days of postpartum) in deep anestrous (may-june). Each group was recieved 100 µg gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH) together with progestrone including sponge (20 mg flugeston acetate). Sponge was out 7 days (7th Day) later following 131,5 µg PGF2α and 600 IU eCG injection. 100 µg gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH), 600 IU hCG and 2 ml sterile saline solution was injected to group 1, 2 and 3 respectively at the 56th hour following sponge out. Ram were introduced to the groups for 5 days after injection (between 10-15th days). Progestrone levels, Estrous and pregnancy rate were evaluted. Significant diffirences was not observed between groups. Reproductive efficiency of the modified U-synch method found to be smilar in prepubertal ewe lambs and primiparous ewes. In conclusion, it was determined that a reasonable pregnancy rate can be achieved with modified U-synch method in Akkaraman-Kangal prepubertal ewe lambs and primiparous ewes.Öğe Effect of additional progesterone treatment during intravaginal progesterone priming in anestrous ewes(01.07.2023) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraOestrus induction with intravaginal progesterone is the most preferred method in anoestrus sheep. In previous studies it was argued that the decrease in the progesterone level before the sponge is removed reduces the efficiency. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that additional progesterone treatment during the progesterone priming in anestrous ewes could increase the reproductive efficiency of the induction. The study conducted on 261 Kangal sheep, which were pregnant in autumn and gave birth in spring and breastfed their lambs for about 60-75 days. All animals included in the study were randomly divided into 3 different groups as P-7 (n = 86), P-8 (n = 80) and control (n = 95). At the beginning of the study a progesterone impregnated sponge was placed to all ewes (Day 0). During sponge treatment, an injection of progesterone was given to P-7 and P-8 group 7 and 8 days after the was sponge placed, respectively. As for control group, no additional progesterone was given during sponge treatment. All groups received 500 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin at the sponge withdrawal. Ram was introduced to all ewes the 10th days of the study. There was no difference between the groups in terms of estrus rate (P = 0.28), pregnancy rate (P = 0.32) and multiple pregnancy rates (P = 0.38) (P = 0.28). We considered that the main reason for unexpected low progesterone concentration at the end of the treatment might be the result of high feed intake and metabolic rate. On the other hand, this additional dose could be caused by an excessive increase in progesterone levels in the sheep, which could be the reason for the decrease in reproductive parameters. Additional progesterone support during progesteronebased synchronization yielded acceptable results. However, progesterone can be administered in injection form in the earlier days of synchronization or before sponge insertion to obtain better results.Öğe Determination of the causative agent of periparturient period interdigital dermatitis that adversely affects reproduction and milk production in cows by MALDI-TOF(01.09.2023) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Moğulkoç, Mahmut Niyazi; Sancak, Tunahan; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraIn recent years, problems associated with high milk yield in dairy cows have increased considerably. Today, interdigital dermatitis (ID) is one of the most significant problems across the dairy industry, threatening animal health and welfare and inducing serious productivity losses. The etiology and mechanism of damage caused by this disease, which disrupts quality of life, milk yield, and reproduction, have not yet been fully understood. In order to achieve the study objectives, 40 biparous cows (3 years old – second calving) that had lameness associated with ID from prepartum day 30 to postpartum day 60 (Study group) and 40 biparous cows (3 years old) without lameness symptoms during the specified period (Control group) constituted the material of the present study. There was no difference in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood samples collected from those animals during the dry period (45-60 days before parturition; P=0.38). There were differences between the groups in certain parameters, including beta-hydroxybutyric acid level in the postpartum period, weight loss in the first month, number of ovarian cysts in the first 60 days, milk production in the first month, and the first corpus luteum determination process. (P<0.001) There was no difference between the groups in terms of reproductive parameters (mode of delivery, litter viability, litter weight, litter weight, expulsion of membranes, etc.) and presence of infection (acute puerperal metritis) during birth (P>0.05 for all parameters). In addition to all of the above, Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica bacteria were isolated for the first time in microbiological samples collected from ID, which is a significant condition for dairy cows during the periparturient stage, contributing to the etiology of the disease, which has not been understood so farÖğe Pulse wave Doppler ultrasound of umbilical cord in experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in sheep(15.05.2023) Kıvrak, Mehmet Buğra; Türk, Sefer; Takcı, Abdurrahman; Bölükbaşı, Bora; Ağaoğlu, Recep Taha; Coşkun, AlparslanContrary to its widespread use in human cases, the use of Doppler ultrasonography is only recently becoming prevalent in farm animals. This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal metabolic and clinical changes on fetal hemodynamics during pregnancy toxemia with the doppler examination of umbilical cord. In the study twenty ewes with a single healthy fetus were included in the study. At the end of the 120th day of pregnancy, 20 single-bearing pregnant ewes were randomly categorized into two groups. Ewes in the control group were fed to meet all nutritional requirements. On the other contrary, the experimental ewes were fed to meet equivalent to 50 % of the daily needs and then fasted for 96 h. Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of umbilical cord were performed once every two days and once a day during fasting. Beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration was measured by taking blood from sheep on examination days. Pulse systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), PSV/EDV, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and fetal heart rate (FHR) as well as BHBA values and how those parameters has changed over time (time by treatment effect) due to energy deprivation during pregnancy were evaluated using repeated measure analysis of variance. No clinical signs were observed in both toxemia and control groups during restricted feeding. BHBA concentration increased and there was a significant time, time by treatment and main effect of treatment effect between groups. No significant main effect of treatment and time by treatment interaction was observed in the changes of PI, RI, FHR, and systolic/diastolic velocity values over time in both groups. FHR was reduced over time, and there was a significant time effect in FHR in both groups. Although doppler indices didn't increase, both PSV and EDV values increased significantly in the pregnancy toxemia group compared with the controls (Time P = 0.03, time by treatment interaction P < 0.05) and the main effect of treatment P < 0.05). The marked increase in blood velocities (PSV and EDV) in the umbilical cord is probably due to the compensatory functioning for excessive energy deprivation of the fetus. Therefore, PSV and EDV might be a valuable indicator for evaluating the fetus's health status during the management of the PT.Öğe Determination of the efficacy of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) administrations on reproductive performance, placentation, parturition, and neonatal parameters on different post–mating days in Kangal ewes sexually induced during anestrus(08.08.2023) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of post mating human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) during anestrus on the formation of the accessory corpus luteum and some reproductive parameters. For this purpose. after synchronization of all the animal were divided into group 1 (n=100), group 2 (n=100), and group 3 (n=100) by applying 600 IU of hCG 6 d after sponge removal, 600 IU of hCG 8 d after sponge removal, and no hCG application (Control), respectively. The difference between groups in terms of reproductive parameters such as estrus, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, litter size, and productivity was not statistically significant. The live birth weight of lambs was evaluated for singletons, twins, and triplets. The difference between group 1 and the control group was statistically significant in singleton lambs (P=0.04). The difference between group 1 and control (P<0.001) and between group 2 and control (P<0.001) was statistically significant for twins. In triplets, group 1 was different from both groups (P<0.001) and group 2 was different from the control group (P<0.001). In addition, when the placenta weight and the daily body weight gain of singleton lamb in the neonatal stage were examined, the values of both groups that were administered with post mating hCG were higher than the control group (P<0.001). The Progesterone (P4) level in blood samples taken on the 21st d of pregnancy was found to be different between all groups. Furthermore, P4 levels were found to be higher in group 1 compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). In the light of these findings, it was determined that hCG administration after mating contributed to placenta and offspring development by elevating P4 levels. It was concluded that hCG should be administered 6 d after the sponge will be removed (on d 5 postmating) for optimal efficacyÖğe Stimulation of Estrus and Ovulation by Resynchronization in Kangal Sheep during Early Anestrus(MPDI, 02.08.2023) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Dinç, Dursun AliAbstract: A total of 100 Kangal sheep were divided into four groups with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of resynchronization during anestrus for the first time in the literature. The groups were then divided into two further subgroups, namely the resynchronization subgroup group (hCG+resynch) and group (resynch)) and the no resynchronization subgroup (Group (hCG) and group (control)). All the groups started with progesterone-containing sponge insertion on Day 7. The sponge was removed after 7 days (on Day 0), and 600 IU eCG + 131.5 µg PGF2α was injected. The animals in group (hCG+resynch) and group (hCG) received hCG injection at the time of sponge administration. Accordingly, four different groups were established, i.e., resynchronization + hCG administration group (hCG+resynch); n:25), no resynchronization + hCG administration (group (hCG); n:25), resynchronization + no hCG administration (group (resynch); n:25), and no resynchronization + no hCG administration (Group (control); n:25). Estrus rates at the first application in group (hCG+resynch), group (hCG), group (resynch), and group (control) groups were 76%, 88%, 96%, and 76%, respectively, and pregnancy rates were 52%, 64%, 72%, and 60%, respectively; there were no intergroup statistical differences in the two parameters above. It was concluded that resynchronization performed with two consecutive stimulations during anestrus could help save time and provide a pregnancy rate at a level that can provide economic returns.Öğe Reproductive and economic evaluation of sexual stimulation during the anestrous period in a commercial farm with neonatal lamb losses(01.06.2023) Takcı, Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, Mehmet Buğra; Murat, Hakan; Çizmeci, Sakine ÜlkümThis study was performed during the anestrous, involving 140 Akkaraman Kangal ewes whose lambs had died in the neonatal stage due to pneumonia and enteritis. Intravaginal sponge containing progesterone was placed to the animals (Group 1, n = 70) on day 0 and removed after 7 days, following which 263 μg PGF2α and 500 IU eCG were administered to the sheep. Ram introduction was performed for 7 days (days 8–14), starting from the day after the removal of the intravaginal sponge (day 8). The animals in Group 2 (n = 70) were not exposed to any treatment. Ram introduction was performed simultaneously in both the groups. To determine the reproductive response, reproductive parameters such as estrous, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and embryonic mortality rates, number of births, number of offspring, and fertility, as well as their economic implications, were compared between groups. Each reproductive parameter exhibited a statistical difference between groups. An economically positive trend was observed in the study group compared with the control group. It was concluded that in case of lamb losses in commercial farms that derive profit from lambing, pregnancy of ewes can be achieved via sexual stimulation without waiting for the next breeding season.Öğe Determination of the causative agent of periparturient period interdigital dermatitis that adversely affects reproduction and milk production in cows by MALDI-TOF1(2023) Takçı, Abdurrahman; Moğulkoç, Mahmut Niyazi; Sancak, Tunahan; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraIn recent years, problems associated with high milk yield in dairy cows have increased considerably. Today, interdigital dermatitis (ID) is one of the most significant problems across the dairy industry, threatening animal health and welfare and inducing serious productivity losses. The etiology and mechanism of damage caused by this disease, which disrupts quality of life, milk yield, and reproduction, have not yet been fully understood. In order to achieve the study objectives, 40 biparous cows (3 years old – second calving) that had lameness associated with ID from prepartum day 30 to postpartum day 60 (Study group) and 40 biparous cows (3 years old) without lameness symptoms during the specified period (Control group) constituted the material of the present study. There was no difference in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood samples collected from those animals during the dry period (45-60 days before parturition; P=0.38). There were differences between the groups in certain parameters, including beta-hydroxybutyric acid level in the postpartum period, weight loss in the first month, number of ovarian cysts in the first 60 days, milk production in the first month, and the first corpus luteum determination process. (P<0.001) There was no difference between the groups in terms of reproductive parameters (mode of delivery, litter viability, litter weight, litter weight, expulsion of membranes, etc.) and presence of infection (acute puerperal metritis) during birth (P>0.05 for all parameters). In addition to all of the above, Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica bacteria were isolated for the first time in microbiological samples collected from ID, which is a significant condition for dairy cows during the periparturient stage, contributing to the etiology of the disease, which has not been understood so far.Öğe Induction of ovulation using repeated doses of sulpiride, a dopamine antagonist, in ewe lambs(2023) Kıvrak, Mehmet Buğra; Aydin, İbrahimThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that sulpiride can increase the concentration of circulating gonadotropin that can promote puberty in pre-pubertal ewe lambs. Here, 12 1–3- year- old Merino rams and 60 7–9- month- old Merino sheep were included in the study. The sheep were randomly divided into sulpiride (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The sulpiride group was subcutaneously injected with 0.6 mg/ kg sulpiride twice daily (morning and evening) for 9 days. During these 9 days, blood samples were taken from the sheep before drug administration and at 4 h after every drug administration. The number of ovulating animals in the sulpiride group was significantly higher than that in the control group (90% vs. 32%). No oestrous signs were observed in either group during ram release. Further, there were no differences in the levels of mean follicle-stimulating hormone in the two groups based on treatment (p = .2), time (p = .3) or treatment-by- time interaction (p = .3). After sulpiride administration, the luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the sulpiride group rapidly increased and remained stable for a long time, whereas physiological LH fluctuations in the control group remained unchanged. Within-group changes in terms of LH concentrations were significant for both groups (p < .001), whereas LH pulse frequency was significantly different between the sulpiride group (p = .03). Therefore, it is concluded that sulpiride can be used as a non-steroidal alternative to stimulate pre-pubertal ewe lambs and sheep during anoestrus.Öğe Determination of the efficacy of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) administrations on reproductive performance, placentation, parturition, and neonatal parameters on different post–mating days in Kangal ewes sexually induced during anestrus(2023) Takçı, Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, Mehmet BuğraThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of post mating human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) during anestrus on the formation of the accessory corpus luteum and some reproductive parameters. For this purpose. after synchronization of all the animal were divided into group 1 (n=100), group 2 (n=100), and group 3 (n=100) by applying 600 IU of hCG 6 d after sponge removal, 600 IU of hCG 8 d after sponge removal, and no hCG application (Control), respectively. The difference between groups in terms of reproductive parameters such as estrus, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, litter size, and productivity was not statistically significant. The live birth weight of lambs was evaluated for singletons, twins, and triplets. The difference between group 1 and the control group was statistically significant in singleton lambs (P=0.04). The difference between group 1 and control (P<0.001) and between group 2 and control (P<0.001) was statistically significant for twins. In triplets, group 1 was different from both groups (P<0.001) and group 2 was different from the control group (P<0.001). In addition, when the placenta weight and the daily body weight gain of singleton lamb in the neonatal stage were examined, the values of both groups that were administered with post mating hCG were higher than the control group (P<0.001). The Progesterone (P4) level in blood samples taken on the 21st d of pregnancy was found to be different between all groups. Furthermore, P4 levels were found to be higher in group 1 compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). In the light of these findings, it was determined that hCG administration after mating contributed to placenta and offspring development by elevating P4 levels. It was concluded that hCG should be administered 6 d after the sponge will be removed (on d 5 postmating) for optimal efficacy.Öğe Comparison of the Results Synchronization with Progesterone Implants and Fixed Time Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cows(Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2022) Uslu, Barış AtalayAbstract: Dairy cows that are being cared for in family businesses were used to compare the pregnancy rates by applying different time periods, using progesterone devices, and using fixed-time artificial inseminations. The cows were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1(n = 56); On day 0, GnRH (IM) (10mg Buserelin acetate, Ovarelin, CEVA DIF) + Progesterone implants (PRID®) (1,55 g progesterone CEVA), Day 8 PGF2α (Dinoprost tromethamine, 25 mg, Dinolytic, Pfizer), Day 9 Progesterone implants removal + PGF2α, insemination was performed at 56th hours insemination after the second PGF2α injection. Group 2 (n = 50); on day 0, GnRH (IM) + Progesterone implants, PGF2α (IM) on the 8th day, Progesterone implants removal + PGF2α on the 9th day, insemination was performed at 48th and 72th hour after the second PGF2α injection. Group 3 (n = 53); on day 0 GnRH (IM) + Progesterone implants, on the 5th day PGF2α injection, day 6 PGF2α (IM) and remove progesterone implant and insemination at 56 hours after the second PGF2α. The average milk yield was recorded Group 1 16.66 ± 5.28 kg, Group 2 13.46 ± 3.05 kg. and Group 3 was recorded as 15.35 ± 4.60 kg. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed 35 days after the artificial insemination. The pregnancy rate was 41.07% in Group 1, 42% in Group 2, and 52.83% in Group 3. As a result; pregnancy rates were similar in all three groups. It has been concluded that synchronization with progesterone can solve many reproductive problems.Öğe Sığır ayak hastalıklarında bilinmesi gerekenler(Sivas cumhuriyet üniversitesi, 2022) Yurdakul, İbrahimSIĞIR AYAK HASTALIKLARININ TANI VE TEDAVİSİNDE BİLİNMESİ GEREKENLERÖğe Veteriner Cerrahide Kullanılan Staplerler(Türkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Yurdakul, İ, Yalçın, MSon teknolojik gelişmeler ve çeşitli tıbbi cihazların icadı veteriner hekimliğinde cerrahi operasyonların verimliliğine, basitliğine ve etkinliğine açıkça yardımcı olmaktadır. Başarılı geçmesi planlanan ameliyatın hedefleri arasında verimli yöntemlerin uygulanması, operasyon süresinin kısaltılması, hassas doku işleme tekniklerinin uygulanması, doku rekonstrüksiyonunun sağlanması ve kontaminasyon, sızıntı ve komplikasyonların en aza indirilmesi yer almaktadır. Veteriner cerrahide kullanılan staplerler dikiş, kesme ve hemostazın mekanik olarak hızlıca yapılması ile bu hedeflere ulaşılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle birlikte cerrahi staplerlerin manuel dikiş yöntemlerine kıyasla birçok avantajı bulunmaktadır. Tüm bu avantajlarına rağmen ülkemiz şartlarında yüksek maliyetleri ve özel eğitim gerektirmeleri dezavantajları olarak sayılabilir. Beşeri hekimlikte klinik pratikte sıklıkla kullanılan cerrahi staplerler veteriner cerrahi alanında da tercih edilmektedir. Veteriner cerrahide staplerler, torakal ve abdominal organların açık veya kapalı operasyonlarında, damar ligasyonunda, deri dikişlerinde ve diğer cerrahi operasyonlarda kullanılmaktadır.
