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Öğe A Case of Hantavirus Renal Syndrome Detected in the COVID-19 Pandemic(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Cakir, Yasemin; Ince, NevinHantaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses in the Bunyaviridae family that cause rodent -borne zoonotic infections. They cause two separate diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), as a result of transmission to humans through contact with rodent excrements and inhalation. The form seen more common in T & uuml;rkiye is HFRS, which progresses with acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that ranges from asymptomatic infection to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. Because of symptoms such as fever, weakness, and flu -like clinical findings in the early days, it can be confused with many infectious diseases. In this case report, a case of hantavirus renal syndrome admitted with fever, weakness, and flu -like symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic was presented.Öğe Can Nomophobia be a Contemporary and Novel Cluster of Symptoms of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder?(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Yilmaz, Yavuz; Cicek, Ayla Uzun; Abanoz, Elif; Karaca, Sanem NemmeziObjective: The connection between adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) and nomophobia has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a relationship between ASAD and nomophobia. Method: The sample consisted of 68 university students diagnosed with ASAD and 77 university students without ASAD. All participants were evaluated by a structured clinical interview, Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Aand Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Results: Participants with ASAD had longer daily phone usage times and had a higher frequency of checking the phone during the day and the rates of carrying a charger than controls. Compared to the control group, participants with ASAD had significantly higher ASA, SASI, NMP-Q, and SAS-SV scores and more severe nomophobia levels. The ASA scores were significantly positively correlated with SASI, NMP-Q, and SASSV. Regarding predictors of nomophobia, ASA, SASI, and SAS-SV scores had a positive and significant effect on nomophobia, and predicted nomophobia. Conclusion: Our research adds to the body of knowledge on nomophobia by demonstrating that people with ASAD are susceptible to developing nomophobia. Clinicians should be aware of the association between ASAD and nomophobia, and nomophobia may be an important concept that should be considered in the therapy approach to patients with ASAD.Öğe Social Services Provided to Divorced Turkish Immigrant Women: An Example of the Belgian Model(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2024) Kuecuekarslan, Goerkem Kelebek; Topcuoglu, Reyhan AtasueThe aim of this study is to understand the social service model provided to divorced Turkish immigrant women in Belgium. This study group of the research consists of 5 divorced Turkish immigrant women living in Antwerp, Belgium, 5 social workers and 1 lawyer working in organizations providing services to women, 11 participants in total. Qualitative research method was used in this study. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the services provided to divorced women in Belgium empower women despite cultural and social codes.Öğe Adaptation of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen Scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties: a validity and reliability study(Turkish J Pediatrics, 2024) Sari, Seda Aybuke; Agadayi, Ezgi; Celik, Nurullah; Karahan, Seher; Komurluoglu, Ayca; Doger, EsraObjective. Management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is quite challenging for both adolescents and their families. In this study, we aimed to translate the 14-item Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) scale, which measures variables that influence diabetes distress, to Turkish and investigate the Turkish version's reliability and validity. Methods. One hundred and ninety-four adolescents with T1DM participated in the study. PAID-T and forms for sociodemographic and diabetes characteristics were used for data collection. The scale's content validity was checked using the Davis technique. Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze the scale's internal reliability and the testretest for the scale's reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to examine the factor structure. The fit of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results. Of the participants, 54.6% (n=106) were girls. The content validity index values of the scale items ranged between 0.86 and 1.0. The PAID-T scores of girls and boys were similar. No significant difference was found between PAID-T scores with sociodemographic data and diabetes characteristics (p>0.05). The test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.952. The three-factor (emotional burden, family and friend distress, and regimen-specific distress) model identified in EFA explained 61.8% of the common variance. Fit analysis was performed using CFA for the three-factor model, which did not show adequate fit (x2/df = 2.402, GFI = 0.822, CFI = 0.815, NFI = 0.727, NNFI = 0.772, RMSEA = 0.118). The Cronbach alpha value of the scale was 0.864. Conclusion. The Turkish version of the 14-item PAID-T showed moderate validity and strong reliability. Accordingly, it can be used as a reliable measurement tool to assess diabetes stress in adolescents with T1DM.Öğe CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS APPLYING FOR A SPECIAL NEEDS REPORT FOR CHILDREN(Dokuz Eylul Univ Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Sireli, OzlemPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who applied for Special Needs Reports for Children (SNRFC). Material and Methods: 652 children and adolescents who applied to the medical board of a university hospital for SNRFC between April 2023 and May 2024 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by retrospective file review. Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.65 +/- 4.15 years. The most common diagnosis in the child and adolescent psychiatry area was specific learning disorder (39.2%). When comparing the psychiatric diagnoses of male and female participants, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and atypical autism was significantly higher in males than in females. When psychiatric diagnoses are evaluated according to age groups, autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was found to be significantly higher in cases younger than 6 years of age, and delayed milestone and specific learning disorder diagnoses were found to be significantly higher in cases aged 6 years and older. Conclusion: It is thought that the results of the study will contribute to the clinical approach of physicians working in the field of child and adolescent mental health and diseases in the evaluation process of children who apply to the health board for SNRFC.Öğe Empirical Application of The Effectiveness of Investment Incentives in Türkiye From The Perspective of Investors(Istanbul Univ, 2024) Erilli, Necati Alp; Kosaroglu, Serife Merve; Yalman, Ilkay Noyan; Dundar, Sinan; Yildiz, Selcuk YasinThe effectiveness of investment incentives is expected to reduce the imbalance between regions while ensuring economic growth. The sustainability of investment incentives and their expected impact are related to the rational allocation of resources to be used in this field. Although the incentive system, which has been in place in T & uuml;rkiye for many years, has been updated according to economic requirements and planning, the evaluation of incentives from the perspective of investors has been neglected. The opinions and experiences of investors, who are the most important stakeholders in incentives, on the content and implementation of incentives are important in terms of increasing efficiency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate incentive implementation systems from the perspective of investors to enhance the effectiveness of investment incentives. This study aims to develop policy recommendations in line with the answers given to the survey questions prepared to evaluate the views of investors on the implementation of incentives. According to the results, it was determined that investors could not fully utilise the investment incentive system effectively because of both the investors and the system implemented. As a result, it has been concluded that to increase the effectiveness of investment incentives, the general characteristics of the region, sector, and investor should be taken into account in incentive practises and the SEGE criteria should be revised.Öğe A Hybrid Multidimensional Performance Measurement Model Using the MSD-MPSI-RAWEC Model for Turkish Banks(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2024) Akbulut, Osman Yavuz; Aydin, YukselThe purpose of the paper is to analyze the multidimensional sustainability performance of deposit banks that operate in the Turkish banking industry. For this aim, the current research presents a novel hybrid decision-making model comprising of MSD, MPSI and RAWEC methodologies. In the developed decision-making model, the MSD and the MPSI objective weighting methods are utilized to assign significance weights to the criteria, while the RAWEC, a relatively new technique, is employed for banks' ranking. In order to check the robustness of the recommended model, various sensitivity and benchmark analyses were conducted. According to the findings of the study, the most important criterion in determining the sustainability performance of deposit banks is the total hours spent on employee training. Moreover, the most successful bank in terms of multidimensional sustainability is Garanti BBVA. Furthermore, sensitivity and comparison analyses prove that the integrated framework in this study is a powerful, reliable and useful decision tool that can be utilized in assessing the sustainability performance of banks. Besides, practical and managerial implications based on the findings of the applied decision-making tool are discussed.Öğe A Research on Satisfaction Levels of Water Buffalo Breeders in Sivas Province, Türkiye(Univ Namik Kemal, 2024) Yazar, SorumluBuffaloes can adapt to different regional and climatic conditions, yield high quality milk and meat products and are suitable for organic animal husbandry, which provides significant advantages in livestock raising. In this study, a total of 122 buffalo breeders living in the center of Sivas province, & Scedil;ark & imath;& scedil;la and Su & scedil;ehri districts were examined in terms of age, gender, educational level and satisfaction with breeding buffaloes, reasons for breeding, problems encountered in breeding and expectations using a survey. The participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (89.3%). It was found that 67.2% of them graduated from primary school while 12.3% graduated from high school. It was revealed that the participants were breeding buffaloes in order to meet the daily needs of their homes (29%), were pleased with breeding them (91.8%) and had such positive views that they advised their children to breed buffaloes (62.7%). 64 % of the participants stated that they were satisfied with buffalo breeding for quality of dairy products and the high prices of these products. The buffalo breeders reported their breeding problems as high costs of fodder (35%), low meat price (25%) and the lack of market (10%) while they predicted that the buffalo breeding may become more profitable (95.6%) with the help of solutions to be made by the authorities. In order to achieve this aim, the breeders declared their demands to increase prices of their products sold in the market (34.4%), and loan limits for purchasing fodder and husbandry (33.7%). A significant relationship was found between the participants' gender and the views that their work could be made profitable (p<0.001). It was also revealed that there was a significant relationship between the satisfaction level of the participants and recommending breeding buffaloes to their children (p<0.05) and the views that their work could be made profitable (p<0.001). When the problems of buffalo breeders in Sivas province, expectations from the authorities and solutions to be offered are considered as a whole, it can be interpreted that increasing the quality of production, preference of conscious breeding practices in animal selection, pricing that will guarantee production and developing new marketing opportunities will be beneficial to overcoming problems.Öğe Evaluation of Risk Factors Determining Focal Organ Involvement in Patients Diagnosed with Brucellosis(Doc Design Informatics Co Ltd, 2024) cakir-Kiymaz, Yasemin; Sungur, Mehmet AliObjective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that is common worldwide. It is a multisystemic disease in which specific organ involvement can be observed. However, no specific diagnostic tests can be used for early identification or prediction of focal organ involvement. This study aims to determine the risk factors that determine focal organ involvement in brucellosis. Methods: 143 patients who were followed with brucellosis between January and June 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, those with focal organ involvement and those without, and their clinical and laboratory findings were compared. The significance level was accepted as 0.05. Results: The average age of the patients was 45.64 +/- 17.3 years, and 51% (n=73) were women. The most common clinical findings were fatigue (97.2%, n=139), sweating (86.7%, n=124), and myalgia (68.5%, n=98). The most common form brucellosis was subacute brucellosis (52.4%, n=75). The focal organ involvement rate was 32.2% (n=46). The most common focal organ involvements were osteoarticular (27.9%, n=40), haematological (6.3%, n=9) and genitourinary (3.5%, n=5). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age (p=0.698) and gender (p=0.374). While sweating was less in patients with focal brucellosis (p=0.010), back pain (p=0.046), hip pain (p <0.001), high ALT (p=0.014), high CRP (p=0.003) and high ESR (p <0.001) was more encountered. Conclusion: High CRP, ESR and ALT levels, anemia, back and hip pain may be parameters that predict focal organ involvement in patients diagnosed with brucellosis.Öğe SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM SILICATE BASED CEMENTS TO COMPOSITE AND COMPOMER(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Oznurhan, Fatih; Altinay, Fatma KubraObjective: Shear bond strength (SBS) of different calcium silicate cements (CSC) with different adhesive systems and restoratives was evaluated., Materials and methods: NeoMTA2, NeoPutty and TheraCalPT were used as CSC.120 acrylic blocks with a hole in the middle were prepared and divided into three groups (n=40) depending on the CSC used. CSCs were placed in the prepared cavities. All groups were divided into two subgroups and adhesives (Prime&BondNT) and Universal adhesive (Scotchbond) were applied. Then, composite (n=10) and compomer (n=10) were applied and polymerized. The prepared samples were kept at 37oC in a 100% humid environment for 24 hours and SBS tests was performed with an universal testing device. Fracture types were evaluated with SEM and stereomicroscope. Results: TheraCalPT had statistically significant increased SBS values when compared to other materials(p<0.05). On the other hand, SBS values of NeoMTA and NeoPutty were insignificant(p>0.05). The difference between the adhesive systems and the restorative materials themselves was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The ease of use of TheraCal PT and its strong bonding ability with resin restorative materials may provide support for the idea that it is suitable for pulp therapies. However, since in vitro environmental conditions do not reflect intraoral conditions, it must be supported by clinical studies to understand the actual performance and clinical usability.Öğe Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano/Microparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Polygonum cognatum Meisn. Plant(Sakarya University, 2024) Akça, ErdemThe environmentally friendly plant-based green synthesis approach provides a fabulous opportunity to produce versatile zinc oxide powders with multifarious morphology and/or size. In this study, it was mainly aimed at using Polygonum cognatum Meisn. extract to synthesize zinc oxide powder via a simple green synthesis route. For this purpose, zinc nitrate solution was mixed with an aqueous extract of fresh Polygonum cognatum Meisn. plant leaves to obtain a zinc-based precursor, and then zinc oxide powder was synthesized by means of calcination conducted at 400°C for 2 hours in air. Phase, spectroscopic, and microstructural analysis techniques, as well as Rietveld refinement method and Williamson-Hall analysis, were performed to investigate the powder characteristics. It was found that the synthesized high-purity zinc oxide powder had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Zinc oxide powder was observed to have a particularly large amount of nano-sized equiaxed particles (~25 nm in average diameter) together with micron-sized hourglass-like particles consisting of two hexagonal prisms (each <1 μm in height). All in all, the main implication of our research is that the Polygonum cognatum Meisn. plant can be potentially used as a biomass source for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nano/microparticles. © 2024, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.Öğe Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles with extracts of Rheum ribes, evaluation of biological activities of extracts and extract loaded nanoparticles(Pamukkale University, 2024) Doğan, Murat; Koçyiğit, Ümit Muhammet; Taşkın, Duygu; Yılmaz, Beyza Nur; Taşkın, TurgutThe biological activities of different parts of the Rheum ribes plant were evaluated comparatively. Extracts showing strong biological activity were identified and it was determined which of the extract-loaded nanoparticles showed stronger activity. Cytotoxic activity of R. ribes extracts was calculated on glial (C6) and fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells using XTT assay. Spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the impact of these compounds on the enzyme activities of human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II). The findings showed that chitosan NPs with extracts loaded on them have a lower IC50 value and more cytotoxic activity in C6 cells than chitosan NPs with only extracts. R. ribes young shoots ultrasonic methanol extract (RYU) was shown to have the strongest antiproliferative efficacy against C6 cells. Results showed that RYU and ultrasonic methanol extract of R. ribes radix (RRU) were determined as the best carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. According to results of particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and release studies of chitosan NPs, it has been observed that they are suitable for application. At a concentration of 10 µg/mL, it was found that none of the R. ribes extracts exhibited cytotoxic action toward the NIH 3T3 cell line. According to results of particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and release studies of chitosan NPs, it has been observed that they are suitable for application. It was observed that none of the extracts of R. ribes at a concentration of 10 µg/mL showed cytotoxic activity in the NIH 3T3 cell line. © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe The Effect of Various Parameters in the Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore of Niğde-Türkiye(Sakarya University, 2024) Kaya, Özlem; Uysal, GürolThe aim of this study was to investigate the main parameters affecting the leaching of low grade zinc oxide ores with sulfuric acid. The influence of leaching time (5 to 480 minutes), sulfuric acid concentration (25 to 125 g/L), leaching temperature (25 to 90 °C), particle size (-104 µm,-82 µm,-60 µm,-49 µm) and solid/liquid ratio (1/10, 1/7.5, 1/5, 1/4) was investigated. The effects of these process parameters were studied with to achieve maximum zinc extraction with minimum iron extraction and acid consumption. The optimum parameters for sulfuric acid leaching of zinc ore were determined to be 60 min leaching time, 75 g/L sulfuric acid concentration, 80oC leaching temperature, 1/10 solid/liquid ratio and-60 µm particle size. Under these optimum conditions, Zn extraction (%), Fe extraction (%) and acid consumption (ton H2SO4/ dissolved ton Zn) were obtained 88.68%, 25.83% and 5.47 ton H2SO4/ dissolved ton Zn respectively. © 2024, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.Öğe Relationship between Successful Aging and Perceptions of Social Support Among Older People with Chronic Disease(Inonu University, 2024) Kars Fertelli, TülayThis study was conducted descriptively and cross-sectional to determine the successful aging and social support perceptions of chronically ill elderly people and the relationship between these two factors. The study sample consists of 258 elderly individuals with a diagnosis of chronic disease. Introductory Information Form, Successful Aging Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect data. It was found that the perceptions of successful aging of elderly individuals with chronic diseases were high and their perceptions of social support were moderate. A positive significant (p<0.05) relationship was found between successful aging and social support scores. It was found that the perceptions of successful aging and social support were significantly (p<0.05) and higher in the elderly who lived with their spouses, evaluated their health as moderate, met their relatives frequently, and were eager for social activities. The results show that older people's perceptions of successful aging are affected by social support. For this reason, healthcare professionals should support and develop social support factors for the elderly with chronic diseases to perceive themselves as aging successfully. © 2024, Inonu University. All rights reserved.Öğe Status of Surgical Clinic Nurses' Recording of Care Interventions in the Early Postoperative Period(Association of Executive Nurses, 2024) Aldemir Atmaca, Kadriye; Dikmen Aydın, Yeşim; Şahin Akboğa, ÖzlemAim: This study was planned to determine the recording of care interventions by nurses working in surgical clinics in the early postoperative period. Method: This descriptive study was conducted between October and November 2023 with 221 nurses working in the surgical clinics of three training and research hospitals providing tertiary health care services in Istanbul province. Data were collected through the ‘sociodemographic data collection form’ and ‘performing and recording postoperative nursing interventions’ forms. Results: Among the interventions performed by surgical nurses in the early postoperative period, the most common was the assessment of vital signs (100%) and the least common was the assessment of the patient's skin temperature, humidity and colour (81.9%). In the study, it was determined that 100% of the surgical nurses applied the interventions of ‘monitoring postoperative vital signs’ and ‘respiratory assessment and providing oxygen support if necessary’ and recorded them in each application. It was determined that there was no standard between the application frequencies of other nursing interventions and that they were not recorded as often as the application was performed. Conclusion: Deficiencies were found in the frequency of application and recording of care interventions by surgical nurses. Nurse observation forms should be specialised for surgical clinics and a recording area should be created for each intervention. © 2024 The Authors.Öğe Investigation of Cytotoxic Effects and Antimicrobial Activities of Light-cured and Self-cured Universal Adhesive Systems(Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2024) Tunc, Tutku; Bal, Halil; Hubbezoglu, IhsanIntroduction: This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of a light-cured adhesive system and a self-cured adhesive system from the same company. Materials and Methods: A Tokuyama BOND force II (Light-cured) adhesive system (TF2B) and a Tokuyama Universal Bond (Self-cured) adhesive system (TUB) were selected for the study. The cytotoxicity evaluation of these two systems on cell cultures was performed using MTT assay and Agar Diffusion assay in L929 fibroblast cells. Disk diffusion method and broth microdilution (MIC) method were used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The experiments were performed on 6 pathogenic bacteria and 1 yeast fungus. Results: According to MTT test results, both adhesive systems have no significant toxic effect on healthy cells (L929). However, when TUB and TF2B were compared with each other, it was found that TF2B had almost no toxic effect. In the agar diffusion test, when the two bonds were compared with each other, a weak color lightening was observed only around the first concentration of TUB. No visible melting was detected in other concentrations of TUB and TF2B. Both adhesive systems failed to reach MIC values effectively on the test microorganisms. Since the results were far above the MIC values of the reference antibiotics, it was determined that they did not have antimicrobial effects. Disk diffusion results similarly showed that both bonds did not form an inhibition zone on the test microorganisms. Conclusions: In dentistry, cytotoxic effects of universal adhesive systems on living cells can be observed. Self-cured and Light-cured adhesive systems did not show toxic effects on L929 cells. In addition, antimicrobial effects on test microorganisms were not detected. The cytotoxicity of the materials can be tested on different cells. © (2024), (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry). All rights reserved.Öğe Analysis of Surface Fault-Rupture Characteristics Resulting from the 6 February 2023 (Mw:7.6) Ekinozu Earthquake along the Ciglik Fault (Malatya-Dogansehir-Eskikoy)(Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi (AFAD), 2024) Kocbulut, Fikret; Softa, Mustafa; Akgun, Elif; Kosaroglu, Sinan; Otlu, NazmiIn this study, we analyze the surface rupture caused by the Kahramanmaras/Ekinozu (Mw: 7.6) Earthquake of February 6, 2023, along the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone. The rupture, observed between the Doǧansehir district and Eskikoy town in Malatya province, was mapped at a scale of 1/25000. Additionally, we investigate the deep continuation of the rupture and quantify the resulting deformation. Our aim is to determine the width of deformation and vertical displacements, providing insights into its complex features. In surface rupture studies, it was determined that (i) the approximately 11 km mapped surface rupture between Malatya province's Doǧansehir district and Eskikoy town aligns with the previously identified Ciglik fault, (ii) the deformation width of the surface rupture ranges from 3.4 meters to 8.3 meters, with the most significant left-lateral displacement observed near the town of Ciglik reaching 95 cm, concurrently with a vertical displacement of 75 cm. © 2024 Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi (AFAD). All rights reserved.Öğe Russianisation Activities of the Bolsheviks Through Education in Kyrgyzstan(Osman Kose, 2024) Karademir, ZaferSilver metal has attracted the attention of mankind throughout history and has been used both as a raw material for ornaments and as a basic material used in coin minting. These issues are also valid in terms of Ottoman history. However, despite having such a wide area of use, the number of studies specifically addressing the silver issue is insufficient. Silver seekers, one of the groups belonging to the Ottoman mints, are also one of the neglected subjects in literature. In this context, detailed examinations have not been made about the silver seekers who were among the laborers working in the mints of the empire, but mostly worked outside the institution. Silver seekers, who tried to prevent abuse of coins circulating in the market, control the silver trade and prevent smuggling, assumed important responsibilities in controlling the silver market. The identities of these effective representatives of the Ottoman bureaucracy in the provinces, their areas of duty and their effects on monetary policies are the subjects of interest of this study. In the article, which occasionally includes comparisons with European history, it is seen that silver prospectors in the Ottoman Classical Age served very effectively in the countryside, especially in the fight against counterfeiters and counterfeit money. © 2024, Osman Kose. All rights reserved.Öğe Party-State Integration in Türkiye (1936): Political Cultural Inheritance and Historical Continuity(Osman Kose, 2024) Ertugay, FatihPolitical culture studies emphasise the importance of historical continuity and transmission in understanding political developments, events, attitudes and behaviours. The assumption that there is a fundamental relationship between current political events, even structural elements, and historical and cultural elements is one of the basic claims of political culture studies. In 1936, a political and administrative decision led to the integration of the state and the party in Türkiye (the General Secretary of the CHP also became the Minister of Internal Affairs and the provincial chairmen became governors). This decision not only had administrative and political consequences in its own period, but also had an impact on subsequent processes in terms of political culture. The study aims to analyse what kind of qualities this decision, together with the stages of its making and implementation, has as an element and source of political culture and what kind of impact it has. One of the aims of this analysis is to better understand the contemporary. For this reason, in line with the findings of its analyses of the period, the study will also claim to make explanations about the present, but only in very general terms. © 2024, Osman Kose. All rights reserved.Öğe TOPLU Ġġ SÖZLEġMESĠNĠN GEÇMĠġE ETKĠLĠ UYGULANMASINDA ĠFA EDĠLEBĠLĠRLĠK ÖLÇÜTÜ(2024) Demir, KübraToplu iĢ sözleĢmeleri kural olarak imzalandıkları tarihte yürürlüğe girerler. Toplu iĢ sözleĢmesi görüĢmelerinin oldukça uzun sürmesi ve sözleĢmelerin makul bir süre içerisinde imzalanamaması bu sözleĢmelerden beklenen faydanın sağlanamaması sonucunu doğurmaktadır. Toplu iĢ sözleĢmelerinin imzalanması sürecinde yaĢanan gecikmelerin yaratacağı olumsuz sonuçları gidermek amacıyla uygulamada sözleĢmele-rin yürürlük tarihinin, imza tarihinden önceki bir tarih olarak belirlendiği görülmektedir. Uygulamada sık rastlanan bir durum olan yürürlük tarihinin imza tarihinden önceye alınması, bir gereksinim olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak, sözleĢme hükümlerinin geriye yürütülmesi sınırsız bir uygulama olarak düĢünülmemelidir. Toplu iĢ sözleĢmesi-nin geriye yürütülmesinin anayasal sınırı ve zaman bakımından sınırı bulunmaktadır. Bu sınırların yanı sıra sözleĢmenin geriye etkili olarak yürürlüğe konulabilmesi için aynı zamanda sözleĢme ile öngörülen yükümlülüklerin ifa edilebilir nitelikte olması gerekir. Ġfa edilebilirlik ölçütü olarak ifade edilen duruma göre toplu iĢ sözleĢmesinde yer alan bir yükümlülük, zaman olarak geçmiĢte ifa edilebilir nitelikte değilse, sözü edilen yü-kümlülüğü düzenleyen hükmün geriye yürütülmesinden bahsedilemeyecektir.
