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Öğe Sulu çözeltilerden tetrasiklin giderimi için alg bazlı yeşil biyokompozit sentezi: kinetik, denge ve termodinamik çalışmalar(Pamukkale Universitesi, 2023) Güler, Ülker Aslı; Türkay, MerveBu çalışmada, aljinat bazı kullanılarak Spirulina sp. biyokütlesinden boncukların geliştirilmesi ve sudaki tetrasiklinin giderimi için adsorbent potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla biyokompozitin yeşil sentezi yapılmış ve karakterize edilmiştir. Kesikli sistemde yürütülen giderim çalışmalarında; tetrasiklin giderim verimine; çözelti pH’ının, biyokompozit miktarının, temas süresinin ve farklı sıcaklıklarda farklı başlangıç kirletici konsantrasyonunun etkisi çalışılmıştır. İzoterm çalışmalarından elde edilen verilere Langmuir, Freundlich ve ... .Öğe Removal of Cr(VI) from tanning wastewater using chitosan-SDS complexes in PEUF: Optimization and analysis via response surface methodology(Elsevier, 2023) KÖKER BERK, SARIOĞLU CEBECİ MELTEM,In this study, we addressed the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a highly toxic and soluble anionic heavy metal, using enhanced ultrafiltration (UF). The objective was to eliminate Cr(VI) species with molecular weights beyond the retention capability of standard UF membranes and achieve their retention through the incorporation of polymers and polymer-surfactant complexes within the UF membrane. Chitosan, a cationic polymer, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, were used in this context. The Cr(VI) solution was subjected to ultrafiltration in a laboratory-scale membrane cell, and its removal was assessed spectrophotometrically. Polymer and surfactant structures were characterized using turbidity, electrical conductivity, SEMEDX, and FTIR analyses. Experimental studies were conducted using the face-centered central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) to determine optimal removal and permeate flux values, as well as to unveil the relationships between the studied factors and the resulting responses. The results revealed that 100 % of the Cr(VI) species were removed from wastewater in the chitosan-based polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) study. With the chitosan-SDS complex, a removal efficiency of 98.33 % was achieved in synthetic wastewater. The PEUF study employing chitosan and the chitosan-SDS complex yielded permeate flux values of 30.73 L/h/m2 and 53.89 L/h/m2, respectively. The optimized conditions obtained from the models were then applied to real wastewater obtained from a leather industry tanning process. In the case of chitosan and the chitosan-SDS complex, the Cr(VI) removal efficiencies in the real wastewater were 4.40 % and 98.33 %, respectively.Öğe TREATMENT OF WASTE METALWORKING FLUIDS BY COAGULATION AND CROSS-FLOW MEMBRANE FILTRATION(2023) KÖKER BERK, SARIOĞLU CEBECİ MELTEM,The primary objective of this study was to treat waste metalworking fluids (MWFs) originating from the metalworking industry. To achieve this goal, a series of treatment methods were employed in sequence, and various parameters were analyzed, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, oil/grease, total organic carbon (TOC), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). In the initial stage of wastewater pre-treatment, cross-flow microfiltration (MF) and chemical coagulation using FeCl2•4H2O as the coagulant were implemented. The results revealed that the MF membrane (TM10) exhibited removal efficiencies of 67.2% for COD, 93.2% for suspended solids (SS), 99.3% for turbidity, and 98.6% for oil/grease. On the other hand, coagulation with ferric chloride achieved removal rates of 24.9% for COD, 66.8% for SS, 50.2% for turbidity, and 91.6% for oil/grease. Clearly, the TM10 MF membrane was more effective in the pre-treatment stage. Following the pre-treatment, the wastewater underwent further treatment using three different ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) ranging from 1 to 10 kDa in a cross-flow system. The GE (1 kDa) membrane demonstrated the highest removal efficiency, which was comparable to the GH (2 kDa) membrane. However, both the GH and GE membranes achieved fluxes of 25.58 and 20.43 L/m2/h at 6 bar pressure, respectively. For the final stage of treatment, the most efficient nanofiltration (NF) membrane (TS80) achieved removal efficiencies of 96.2%, 99.9%, 100%, and 70.7% for COD, SS, oil/grease, and electrical conductivity (EC), respectively. It was concluded that the NF filtrate could be reused as process water. This study successfully implemented a series of treatment methods for waste metalworking fluids (MWFs), effectively removing various pollutants and providing potential options for reusing the treated wastewater in the metalworking industry.Öğe Removal of erythrosine B dye from wastewater using chitosan boric acid composite material: Experimental and density functional theory findings(WILEY, 2023) Çetinkaya Hüseyin Fatih, SARIOĞLU CEBECİ MELTEM, KAYA SAVAŞ, Jalbani Nida Shams, Maslov Mikhail M., Marzouki RiadhIn this study, the chitosan boric acid (Ch-B) composite has been prepared and characterized with sophisticated analytical techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, and EDX. The prepared Ch-B adsorbent was applied for the adsorption of erythrosine B (EB) dye from water samples under the optimized parameters of pH, adsorbent dosage, time, and temperature. Results shows that the Ch-B adsorbent removes 96.5% of EB dye at pH 5, using 0.05 g of adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium data have been subject to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R adsorption equilibrium models, which demonstrates that the Freundlich model was the best fit with good correlation coefficient value (R2 = 0.991), while energy E (9.18 KJ mol 1) calculated from D-R model suggested that the physical adsorption nature of the adsorption. Beside this, the thermodynamic and kinetic experiments were performed to check the feasibility and adsorption mechanism of EB-dye onto Ch-B adsorbent, which shows that the adsorption is endothermic (ΔH = 0.124) and spontaneous in nature due to the negative values of Gibbs free energy (i.e., ΔG KJ mol 1 = 13.01, 17.06, and 17.60). The kinetic models show that the adsorption equilibrium is best fitted with pseudo second order kinetic model due to good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99). Moreover, the interaction phenomenon between adsorbent and adsorbate was analyzed through DFT calculations.Öğe Optimization of Operating Parameters in the Removal of Synthetic Textile Dyestuff with the Electrocoagulation Process(Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2023) Karagözoğlu, Mustafa Bünyamin; Malkoç, RuhiElectrocoagulation (EC) is one of the most effective electrochemical wastewater treatment techniques for removing color and organic pollutants from wastewater, and reducing sludge formation. In this study, the removal of Remazol Ultra Red RGB (reactive red 239) dye, which is used for commercial purposes, by the EC process was investigated. For this purpose, an electrochemical reactor was designed using monopolar parallel connected aluminum and iron electrodes. The effect of operational parameters such as the initial pH of the solution, current density, and electrolysis time were investigated to achieve higher color, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and turbidity removal efficiency. The optimum conditions of the EC process were determined by evaluating the data obtained as a result of the experimental studies. It was observed that the removal efficiency increased with the increase of the electrolysis time and stabilized after 20 min. The optimum experiment conditions for the aluminum electrode were pH:3, current density of 50 A/m2, and conductivity of 250 µS/cm, for the iron electrode was pH: 5, current density of 75 A/m2, and conductivity of 500 µS/cm was found as. In all studies, the mixing speed was chosen as 250 rpm. As a result of this study, 95.49-99.94% color, 89.34-66.83% COD, and 92.18%-83.15% turbidity removal efficiencies were obtained with aluminum and iron electrodes under optimal conditions. Under optimum conditions, electrical energy consumption was calculated as 11.48 for Al, 6.60 kWh/m3 for Fe, and the energy consumption 0.56, 0.46 kg/m3. As a result of the experimental studies, high removal efficiencies were obtained in color, COD and turbidity removal with the EC process. As a result, it was concluded that EC treatment is an effective method for the purification of synthetic textile dyestuffs.Öğe Treatment of Landfill Leachate via Electrocoagulation and Electro-Fenton Processes: A Comparative Study(Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2023) Karagözoğlu, Mustafa BünyaminThis study aims to compare the effectiveness of Electrocoagulation (EC) and electro Fenton (EF) processes in the treatment of high-strength storage leachate. The effect of operating parameters, including initial pH, contact time, and mass ratio of COD: H2O2, on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies of leachate was investigated. For this purpose, a jacketed reactor in which the electrochemical process is performed using monopolar-bonded iron electrodes is designed. As a result of the experimental studies, the optimum operating parameters of the EC process were determined as follows: pH 7, current density 150A/m2, and reaction time 30 minutes. Under these conditions, 37.87% COD and 47.36% TOC were removed respectively. Due to the lack of expected results in the treatment of this wastewater in the EC process, treatability studies were carried out with the EF process. As a result of the study, optimum conditions were found to be pH 3, current density 150 A/m2, H2O2= 500 mg/L (KOI: H2O21), and working time 10 min. A higher COD (71.7%) and TOC removal (90.87%) have been obtained with the EF process under optimum conditions. The operating costs of electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton processes under optimum conditions were calculated as 2.26 and 1.78 €/m3, respectively. Experimental findings revealed that, unlike the EC process, the EF process can be a good option for landfill leachate treatment in terms of providing less treatment time, less sludge, more cost-effectiveness, and necessary discharge limits.Öğe Assessment of treatment performance in COD, TOC and AOX removal from landfill leachate by electro?Fenton technique(2023) Karagözoğlu, Mustafa Bünyamin; Sütçü Güney, FulyaLandfill leachate is a mixture of highly concentrated organic and inorganic pollutants and needs to be treated properly due to their toxicity and serious adverse effects on the environment. Recently, advanced oxidation processes have been successfully applied for leachate treatment. In this study, the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and absorbable organic halogens (AOX) in waste leachate stabilized by the electro-Fenton (EF) process, which is one of the advanced oxidation processes, was investigated. For this purpose, a jacketed reactor in which the electrochemical process takes place was designed and iron electrodes were used for maintenance and cost efficiency in this process. Within the scope of the study, the efficiency of the important process parameters, such as pH, current density, catalyst amount, oxidant dose and electrolysis time, was determined and their values were optimized. Optimum values were found to be as pH 3, current density 150 A/m2, hydrogen peroxide amount 500 mg/L and electrolysis time 10 min. The best removal efficiencies were obtained as 71.7% COD, 97.4% AOX and 90.87% TOC under optimum conditions. In addition, within the scope of this study, the collapsibility and operating costs of the sludge having formed as a result of the EF process were also examined. It has been observed that especially the sludge formed as a result of the EF process has good settling properties. When the results were evaluated, it was confirmed that the EF process can be used efficiently to break down leachate organics in terms of wastewater quality and discharge limits.Öğe Phytoremediation of nickel and chromiumcontaining industrial wastewaters by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)(Taylor&Francis, 2023) Şentürk, İlknur; Eyceyurt Divarcı, Nur Sena; Öztürk, MustafaThis study was conducted to assess the phytoremediation potential of Pistia stratiotes for posttreatment of Ni(II) and Cr(III)-containing industrial wastewater effluents in mono (synthetic wastewater) and bimetallic systems (real wastewater). Differences were seen in metal uptake, growth performance, and metal accumulation of the plants. In the monometallic system, the highest removal efficiency was calculated as 77.50% for Cr(III) and 70.79% for Ni(II) at 5mg L 1 concentration. At 1.25mg L 1 concentration, the bioconcentration factor of P. stratiotes was calculated as 734.2 for Ni(II) and 799.0 for Cr(III). To assess the effects of metal stress on plants, photosynthetic pigments and percent growth rates were also investigated. The percent growth rate increased from 38.22 to 81.74% for Ni and decreased from 87.53 to 43.18% for Cr(III) when the metal concentrations increased from 1.25 to 5mg L 1. Toxicity symptoms were less severe in plants exposed to low Ni concentrations. The greatest reduction in chlorophyll was observed at 5mg L 1 Ni concentration. P. stratiotes showed better performance in the monometallic system. It was concluded based on present findings that P. stratiotes could potentially be used for the post-treatment of wastewaters containing Ni and Cr.Öğe Bioremediation of Copper with Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces griseus(ASCE, 2023) Böke Özkoç, Hülya; Aliustaoğlu, Mirac Tansu ; Şentürk, İlknurThe present study investigated the copper tolerance and bioremediation potential of endophytic bacteria because endophytic bacteria are the most common bacterial strains associated with heavy metal bioremediation. The acute toxic effects of copper on living organisms were determined using two endophytic bacterial species, Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces griseus (S. griseus). After 4 days of acute toxicity test, changes in metal and bacteria concentrations in water, inhibition (%), bioaccumulation rate, and bioconcentration factors were evaluated. According to the evaluations, cell weights decreased, and inhibition rate (%) increased with increasing metal concentration after a certain level (10 mg=L Cu). With increasing metal concentrations from 5 to 25 mg=L, biosorption efficiency decreased from 35.94% to 20.73% for S. griseus and from 56.36% to 34.47% for Bacillus sp. The bioaccumulation quantities increased with increasing metal concentrations for both species. Based on the present findings, it is concluded that Bacillus sp. and S. griseus are suitable candidates for the bioremediation of copper ions from contaminated environments. These endophytic bacteria use hyperaccumulating plants for more effective bioremediation of heavy metals.Öğe Density Functional Theory Computations and Experimental Analyses to highlight the Degradation of RB5 Dye(Wiley, 2023) Yıldız, Sayiter; Canbaz Topal, Gamze; Kaya Savaş; Maslow, M.MikhailThe oxidative degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solution was investigated using Fenton (FP), photo Fenton (P-FP), sono Fenton (S-FP), and sono photo Fenton (S-P-FP) processes. Degradation experiments showed efficient dye degradation for FP, P-FP, S-FP, and S-P-FP under optimal conditions. The half-life values of the reaction calculated for first-order reaction kinetics showed that the S-FP process is faster than the FP and P-FP processes. Using DFT calculations, the chemical reactivities of the studied chemical systems were analyzed. Especially the calculated chemical hardness values reflect the reactivities of the dye and the dye-Fe2+ complex. The calculated binding energy between the Fe2+ ion and RB5 of 15.836 eV is compatible with the prediction made in the light of the principle of hard and soft acids and bases. The computed data supported the experimental observations.Öğe Process Parameters Study of Sanitary Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Photo-Fenton-like Systems: Fe0 vs Fe2+ as catalysts(CSIR NIScPR, 2023) Yıldız, Sayiter; Kuzu, BüşraIn this study, the effects of the combination of classical Fenton (CFP) and modified Fenton (MFP) processes with UV light on the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate have been investigated. Iron (Fe2+ and Fe0) dosage, hydrogen peroxide dosage, reaction time, pH and different UV lamps have been optimized to achieve high COD removal. In addition, zeroth, first and second order kinetic models are applied for all processes under optimum conditions. For CFP and MFP; optimum pH 3, reaction time 30 min, 4 g/kg TS Fe2+ and Fe0 and 5 g/kg TS H2O2 have been determined. The COD removal efficiency is determined as 48.86% for CFP and 59.27% for MFP under optimum conditions. COD removal efficiencies increased in photo Fenton application under UV light. The efficiency is found to increase under UVA light source from 48.86% to 49.17% and from 59.27% to 70.72% in CFP and MFP, respectively. In the kinetic study, the highest R2 values are obtained in the CFP/UV process, while CFP and MFP are found to fit the 0th order kinetic model. In this study, it has been concluded that Fenton and photo Fenton applications are effective in reducing the COD values of landfill leachate.Öğe Experimental Study of Oxytetracycline Degradation Using Fenton-like Processes(Springer, 2023) Yıldız, Sayiter; Mıhçıokur, Hamdi; Olabi, AsaadThis study aimed to investigate the degradation efficiency of Oxytetracycline (OTC) using different Fenton processes. Fe2+ and nZVI reagents were used as Fenton reagents. To compare the effect on OTC degradation, Fenton process (FP), photo-Fenton process (P-FP), sono-Fenton process (S-FP) and sono–photo-Fenton process (S–P-FP) were applied. In addition, degradation products formed after OTC degradation by these methods, in which Fe2+ and nZVI reagents were used separately, were detected. UV-A, UV-B and UV-C lamps were used as UV light source. S-FP and S–P-FP used ultrasound with a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 180 watts. In the use of Fe2+ and nZVI, the OTC removal efficiency (η) was determined as 45.64% and 50.28% for FP respectively, and in P-FP was 62.75%, 66.42% for UV-A light, 67.69%, 66.96% for UV-B, and 60.40%, 69.67% for UV-C. The η values were found as 86.30%, 87.75% (for UV-A), 90.28%, 89.55% (for UV-B) and 84.48%, 93.05% (for UV-C) in S–P-FP with ultrasound added. For S-FP, the η value recorded 74.86% and 77.51% for Fe2+ and nZVI application, respectively. The degradation products detected in the OTC different oxidation method were generally the same. The degradation product to be considered here is 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol. LC50 and EC50 values of this product were quite low compared to other degradation products and OTC.Öğe Degradation of Phenol and 4-Chlorophenol from Aqueous Solution by Fenton, photo-Fenton, sono-Fenton, and sono-photo-Fenton methods(Springer, 2023) Yıldız, Sayiter; Şentürk, İlknur; Canbaz Topal, GamzeIn this study, the effects of Fenton process (FP), photo-Fenton process (P-FP), sono-Fenton process (S-FP), and sono-photo-Fenton process (S-P-FP) for the degradation of phenol and 4 chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solution were evaluated. The effects of reaction time, initial concentration, initial pH and Fenton reagent dosages on degradation were investigated. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C light were used as ultraviolet (UV) light source. In the study with the addition of ultrasound (US), ultrasound with a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 180 watts was used. While the phenol degradation efficiency was 95% in FP, it reached 99% in P-FP, S-FP and S-P-FP. The 4-CP degradation efficiency was 55.3% in FP, 64.1% in P-FP with UVA, 70% in S-FP and 99% in S-P-FP. This study is especially important in terms of revealing the synergistic effect of different processes in an integrated reactor.Öğe Experimental and Density Functional Theoretical Analyses on Degradation of Acid Orange 7 via UV Irradiation and Ultrasound enhanced by Fenton Process(Elsevier, 2023) Yıldız, Sayiter; Canbaz Topal, Gamze; Kaya Savaş; Maslow, M.MikhailIn this study, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) removal from synthetic water by advanced oxidation processes was investigated. Within the scope of the study, individual and different integrated applications of Fenton re- action, photooxidation and sonication were examined. The effects of variables such as H 2 O 2 , Fe 2 + , reaction time, pH and initial dye concentration on the removal performance were investigated. Three different UV light sources, namely UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, were used. In order to study the effect of ultrasound addi- tion, ultrasound with a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 180 W was used. Effective AO7 degradation was achieved by Fenton oxidation at optimum conditions of 100 mg L −1 H 2 O 2 , 25 mg L −1 Fe 2 + , 100 mg L −1 dye concentration, 3 pH and 30 min. The removal efficiency of the Fenton process was 97.6%, while it was for Fenton/UV-A, UV-B and UV-C light 97.6%, 96.97% and 97.35%, respectively. In the Fenton/US/UV process with ultrasound addition, removal efficiencies of 97.45%, 97.52% and 95.95% were obtained in UV-A, UV-B and UV-C lights, respectively. In Fenton/US process, the removal efficiency was 96.35%. In ad- dition, in the kinetic study, it was determined that each process complied with the zeroth-order kinetics with the highest R 2 values. This study is especially important in terms of demonstrating the synergistic effect of these processes in an integrated reactor. Moreover, in such studies, the chemical reactivity analy- sis of the studied dye is quite important. For this aim, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed. The study showed that Fenton processes can be used as an efficient and reliable method for AO7 removal. In this study, the experimental results for AO7 degradation were supported by theoretical calculations.Öğe Statistical analysis of the temporal change of PM10 levels in the city of Sivas (Turkey)(2022) Yılmaz, Z ve Karagözoğlu, M.B.Abstract The objective of this study is to statistically examine the variation of PM10 values measured at three stations in the center of Sivas between the years 2016 and 2020. Hourly PM10 measurement values were taken from three different stations (İstasyon Kavşağı, Meteoroloji, and Başöğretmen AQMSs) in the city center. Then the mean values of the measurements obtained between 2016 and 2020 were compared according to the years and the stations, as well as with the limit values given in the Regulation on Air Quality Assessment and Management(RAQAM). Analyses of variance were conducted to determine any differences between PM10 levels and 24-h limit values of PM10 for Turkey and between PM10 values of stations over the years. Considering the 5-year mean values, the mean value of all PM10 concentrations measured in the city center was calculated as 56.36 μg/m3. No statistical difference was found between the PM10 values measured in 2017 and 2018 at the İstasyon Kavşağı AQMS, and the comparisons of PM10 between stations over the years showed no difference between the Meteoroloji AQMS and the Başöğretmen AQMS in 2019 and 2020. The Spearman’s rank-order correlation results of PM10 over the years among the stations in the city showed that the strongest relationship was a moderate one between the years 2019 and 2020 with regard to the İstasyon Kavşağı AQMS. Probable dust transports were examined for the days when PM10 was at its highest, and the conclusion was that desert dust coming from the continent of Africa (south) to the center of Sivas had been effective.Öğe Biosorption of Tetracycline and Cephalexin onto Surfactant?Modified Waste Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology and Ecotoxicological Assessment: Phytotoxicity and Biotoxicity Studies(Springer, 2022) Güler, Ülker Aslı; Solmaz, BetülWaste hazelnut shell was modified using hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) to remove tetracycline and cephalexin from water and minimize the residual antimicrobial activity of tetracycline and cephalexin. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effect of solution pH (3.0–6.0–9.0), initial pollutant concentration (5–52.5–100 mg/L), contact time (5–92.5–180 min), and temperature (20–35–50°C) on the removal efficiency of tetracycline and cephalexin. Comparison between model results and experimental data gave a high coefficient of determination (R2 TC 0.94, R2 CPX 0.99). The predicted removal efficiency of tetracycline and cephalexin by the RSM design was 37.34% and 83.07%, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R, and Temkin isotherm were applied to equilibrium data. The Qo values for tetracycline and cephalexin were 6.97 and 47.77, respectively. Acute tests were performed before and after biosorption using Lepidium sativum and Daphnia magna. IC50, LC50, and toxic unit were determined. IC50 values for root and shoot for tetracycline and cephalexin were 50 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 140 mg/L, and 270 mg/L, respectively. LC50 values of tetracycline and cephalexin were 58 mg/L and 37 mg/L for 48 h, respectively. There was a large decrease in mortality (%) after biosorption. This biosorbent was effective in the biosorption of tetracycline and cephalexin and in reducing toxicity.Öğe A Combined Study on Degradation Mechanism of Reactive Orange 16 through Fenton-like Process: Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theoretical Findings(Wiley, 2022) Yıldız, Sayiter; Canbaz Topal, Gamze; Kaya Savaş; Maslow, M.MikhailIn this study, the removal efficiency of Reactive orange 16 (RO16) azo dyes from aqueous solution with different Fenton reactions (Fenton/photo-Fenton/sono-Fenton/ sono-photo-Fenton) were investigated. For optimum conditions, the effects of variables such as H2O2, Fe2+, reaction time, pH and dye concentration on the oxidation process were investigated. In addition, the interaction between Fenton reagents and the dye molecule was revealed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Important quantum chemical parameters reflecting the reactivity of the studied dye were calculated. Effective RO16 degradation was achieved by Fenton oxidation at conditions of 100 mgL 1 H2O2, 10 mgL 1 Fe2+, 100 mgL 1 dye concentration, 3 pH and 30 minutes. While the degradation efficiency with Fenton process was 97.77 %, it reached 98.78%, 98.31% and 98.22% when UV A, UV B and UV C lights were applied respectively. In the sono-Fenton process application, the degradation efficiency was determined as 97.96%. The degradation of RO16 by sono-photo-Fenton was 96.12%, 96.13% and 96.83% under different lamps (UV A, UV B and UV C), respectively. In addition, in the kinetic study, it was determined that each process complies with the zeroth-order kinetics. To see the nature and power of the interaction between hydroxyl radical and RO16, important quantum chemical parameters of Conceptual Density Functional Theory were calculated and their effects on degradation process were discussed as detailed. Degradation mechanism was highlighted in the light of DFT calculations.Öğe Gis?multi criteria decision analysis?based land suitability assessment for dam site selection(Springer, 2022) Yıldız, Sayiter; Karakuş, Can BülentIn this study, the appropriate areas were determined to select the most suitable dam sites within the borders of Sivas/Turkey with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) according to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Nine criteria (elevation, slope, distance to roads, rainfall, lineament density, distance to residential areas, land use/land cover, soil types and stream density) were used for dam site selection. The CR (Consistency) value was calculated as 0.054 for the criteria considered in the selection of the dam site within the scope of the AHP method, and this value showed that the results obtained were consistent and acceptable. The suitability categories revealed by the dam site selection suitability map created with the method were represented by 5 different classes “very high (12.70%),” “high (20.63%),” “medium (25.43%),” “low (25.11%)” and “very low (16.12%).” Most of the dams currently operating in Sivas province (64.63%) were in the "high" and "medium" level of suitability, while the majority of the planned dams (57.14%) were represented by the "low" class of suitability. The dam site selection suitability mapping obtained as a result of the study is a very important tool in terms of providing resource data to decision makers for regional water resources management and sustainable development.Öğe A kinetic study on the nitrification process in the upflow submerged biofilter reactor(Environmental Technology, Taylor and Francis, 2022) Polat Bulut Ayben; Aslan, ŞükrüIn extent of this study, ammonium removal from wastewater through biological nitrification process was performed in upflow biofilm reactors. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on the nitrification process were investigated. For the nitrification process, the optimum HRT and NLR were determined to be 80 hr and 0.044 kg/ m3.day, respectively. It is observed that the efficiency increased from 53% to 96% along with the increase in HRT from 22 hr to 80 hr and the decrease in NLR from 0.165 kg/m3.day to 0.044 kg/m3.day.The substrate consumption kinetics were studied in the attached growth reactor, and the Monod kinetic model, first-order kinetic model, modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau second-order kinetic models were examined. For the substrate consumption kinetic study, experimental studies were performed at 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 mg NH4-N/L substrate concentrations and 62 hr at HRT during the nitrification process. As a result of the considering kinetic studies, it was determined that the kinetic study was suitable for the modified Stover- Kincannon kinetic model that had the highest coefficient of regression by 0.997 and when the effluent NH4-N concentrations and NH4-N removal efficiencies calculated using kinetic models were examined, it was observed that the results closest to the experimental results (4.5, 10.1, 19.7, 26.2 and 42.3 mg NH4-N/L) were obtained through the modified Stover-Kincannon model (4.16, 10.71, 18.92, 28.12 and 39.51 mg NH4-N/L).Öğe Sequential use of the electrocoagulationelectrooxidation processes for domestic wastewater treatment(Elsevier, 2022) Özyonar, Fuat; Korkmak, UtkuNowadays, the decrease in useable water resources day by day necessitates studies on the protection of resources by treating wastewater. It is also one of the best options for reusing the water to be treated, and electrochemical technologies can be an alternative to existing technologies, because of the easy operation and effectiveness of pollutants treatment. The study evaluated the treatment of domestic wastewater by Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation successive processes in continuous and batch modes. The effects of theoperational parameters on the Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation processes were determined for removals of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, phosphatephosphorus,nitrite-nitrogen, and Escherichia coli. The experiments revealed that the Electrocoagulationprocess effectively removed all pollutants but not ammonium-nitrogen. After the Electrocoagulation processwas completed, ammonium-nitrogen from domestic wastewater treatment was removed with the Electrooxidation process for further treatment. The optimum operational conditions in the Electrocoagulation process were electrode type iron anode-carbon felt cathode, current density 100 A .... ammonium-nitrogen and
