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Öğe Current Topics in Perinatology and Neonatology(NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC, April 10, 2023) Yurtcu, Nazan; Çetin, AliMedical and surgical care have made considerable progress in the last two decades in the care of the mother, fetus, and neonate. Most of the improvement in outcomes has been related to advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. These advances have only been possible due to dramatic progress in our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms that determine the normal development of organ systems, as well as the alterations that can lead to disease states and their multifarious consequences. Because improved antenatal care has resulted in the survival of greater numbers of immature infants, they have become a major challenge for clinicians due to the immaturity of multiple organs and their susceptibility to long-term sequelae. The aim of this book is not to address all aspects related to the newborn lung, but to discuss those areas that are more novel or controversial or have been of greater relevance in the progress of maternal, fetal, and neonatal care. Where possible, we have attempted to meet the expectation that practice guidelines be based either on convincing available evidence or on consensus statements of authoritative organizations. Therefore, this book should be useful to obstetricians, perinatologists, and neonatologists.Öğe HPV VE SERVİKAL PREKANSERÖZ LEZYONLAR, SAĞLIK & BİLİM 2022 GÜNCEL TIP-II(2022) Yurtcu, NazanServikal prekanserler, yavaş yavaş invaziv kansere ilerleyen intraepitelyal preinvaziv lezyonlardır. Bu gelişme yaklaşık 10-15 yıl içerisinde oluşmaktadır. Kadınların yaşamını ve sağlığını tehdit eden malign tümörlerden biri olarak, serviks kanseri insidansı artmaktadırÖğe Pregnancy and Cytokines, Cytokines and Diseases(2022) Yurtcu, Nazan; Durna Daştan, SevgiABSTRACT Pregnancy is a physiological state designated as the regional immune tolerance of the mother organism against paternal sourced antigens found in embryonic cells. While the paternal heritage makes half of the embryo, mammals bear their embryos in the uterus. There are defined immunological mechanisms for the embryo to survive and develop in the uterus. The mother's immune system must work healthily for the pregnancy to be shaped, continued, and terminated normally. It is a common view valid in all mammals that the cellular immunity reactions are suppressed for the duration of pregnancy, while the humoral immunity continues to operate. At this point, cytokines such as T-regulator (Treg) cells, and the interleukin (IL)-10 they secrete, and tumor growth factors (TGFs) play an essential role. Treg cells are crucial in immune tolerance towards the fetus during pregnancy, especially in T-helper 2 (Th-2) cell polarization. In this re-spect, the negativities that may occur in Treg and Th2 cells, and the cytokines they secrete may lead to various pregnancy pathologies, premature births, and abortions. It is necessary to monitor the activities of these cells and cytokines to be protected from such negativities or to determine the cause of the disorders that may occur.Öğe Epigenetics: Beyond the Genetics and Medicine(27.10.2022) Yurtcu, Nazan; Durna Daştan, SevgiThe Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS.Öğe RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE AND AUTOIMMUNITY(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 18/05/2021) Yurtcu, NazanRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as having multiple pregnancy losses from either biochemical or clinical factors, while recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as having multiple successive pregnancy losses in early gestation up to 20 weeks. In obstetric practice, pregnancy loss is not an unusual case; 38% of pregnant women experienced spontaneous abortion before (Sugiura-Ogasawara et al. 2013). Despite this, it is estimated that one in 20 conceived females go through two consecutive miscarriages and only 1% of the sufferers would see a third or further miscarriages (De Groot et al. 2012; Ford and Schust 2009; Sugiura-Ogasawara et al. 2013). In other words, human females complete their pregnancy with embryo wastage; around 30% of the losses before implantation, 30% before the sixth gestational week (biochemical pregnancy loss), and 10–15% of clinical pregnancies up to 12 weeks of gestation (Teklenburg et al. 2010; Arslan and Branch 2020). RPL has several types of etiological causes (Ali et al. 2020). A history of RPL physically and psychologically lays a burden on pregnant women. This is why, screening for miscarriage risk factors is essential for the patients having a history of RM. By means of communication to the fetus through placental and decidual tissue in a proper and balanced way the mother may expect delivery. Otherwise, the interrupted or disrupted signals may lead to pregnancy failure (Rull et al. 2012; Grimstad and Krieg 2016). Many factors induce RM including aberrations of parental chromosomes, uterine malformations, infectious diseases, and endocrine and autoimmune disorders; however, several of these remain unexplained in about 50% of RM cases (Arias-Sosa et al. 2018; Ali et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020). Second to chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, the underlying miscarriage cause is autoimmunity particularly that associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. The functional defects in various T-cell subsets in addition to the alteration of natural killer cell behavior as presented in recent studies are in relation to the indefinite mechanisms by which general autoimmunity predisposes to RM (Bansal et al. 2011).Öğe Pregnancy Induced Autoimmune Diseases(18/05/2021) Yurtcu, NazanAutoimmune diseases have been seen in approximately 8% of the population, and about 80% of these patients are women (Fairweather and Rose 2004). The interaction between autoimmunity and reproduction has two sides. On the one hand, pregnancy may cause de novo autoimmune diseases, especially after pregnancy; and on the other hand, pregnancy may change the course of autoimmune disease regarding its severity and exacerbations (Borchers et al. 2010). After vaginal or cesarean deliveries, and induced abortion, maternal risk of autoimmune disease development is increased and continues to have increased incidence in post-reproductive years (Bianchi et al. 1996). Considering the clinical similarities of chronic graft-versus-host disease and the complex nature of autoimmunity manifested by some autoimmune diseases; persistent fetal microchimerism, the maternal acquisition of intact cells of fetal origin without any apparent rejection may play a role in autoimmune disorders (Shrivastava et al. 2019). Microchimerism is a common phenomenon going on with the presence of genetically distinct cells in the individual and can be seen in 70% of healthy women. Although microchimerism probably occurs in small quantities, microchimeric cells have remarkable effects on women's health (Gammill and Nelson 2010). Fetal microchimerism as a phenomenon was hypothesized to be responsible for the de novo autoimmune diseases’ occurrence; however, published data regarding the pregnancy-related autoimmune diseases are still controversial and debated. This chapter discusses pregnancy-induced autoimmunity and its effects on women's health in the light of studies investigating microchimerism and related conditions.Öğe THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF MicroRNAs IN PREGNANCY-RELATED DISORDERS(27/05/2021) Yurtcu, NazanmiRNAs reveal irregular expressions in women with pregnancy complications (Bogdanet et al., 2021; Memtsa et al., 2019; Rana et al., 2020). Further research is required to further define an individual miRNA as a biomarker in placental disorders. Checking for disorganized placental and circulatory miRNAs is necessary in large-scale preclinical studies. According to the literature, generally, large-scale clinical trials should be planned to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating miRNAs in pregnancy-related conditions. This is important, since it will help determine their sensitivity and specificity for inclusion in clinical diagnostics and follow-up tests. Considering the multiple factors influencing the growth of pregnancy, it appears likely that a panel of various biomarkers, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomics, and biophysical ones, combined with maternal characteristics, can be utilized to make better the health care for pregnant women in the future.
