Effect of periodontal treatment on IL-1 beta, IL-1ra, and IL-10 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with aggressive periodontitis

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phase I periodontal treatment on the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-1ra, and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Material and Methods: Data were obtained from 15 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 15 healthy controls. GCF was collected from at least four pre-selected sites (one shallow, at least two moderate, or at least one deep pockets) in patients with G-AgP. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from one site. The cytokine levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival and plaque indices, and bleeding on probing were measured. The GCF sampling and clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks later after periodontal treatment. Results: IL-1 beta levels were significantly higher at the moderate and deep pocket sites compared with the shallow sites (p < 0.05). After periodontal therapy, IL-1 beta levels were significantly reduced in the moderate and deep pocket sites (p<0.05). IL-1ra levels at baseline of the moderate and deep pocket sites were significantly lower than the control sites (p < 0.05). IL-10 levels were similar in all pockets and did not change after periodontal therapy. Conclusions: The periodontal treatment improves the clinical parameters in G-AgP, and this improvement is evident in deep pocket sites for pocket depth and CAL values. These results confirm that IL-1 beta is effective for evaluating the periodontal inflammation and can thus be used as a laboratory tool for assessing the activity of periodontal disease.