The Presence of PAI-1 4G/5G and ACE DD Genotypes Increases the Risk of Early-Stage AVF Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: In this study, we investigated the relationship between early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and thrombophilic factor gene polymorphisms. Methods: Thirty-five patients who suffered from three or more fistula thrombosis episodes in the early period after AVF operation and 33 control patients with no history of thrombosis for at least 3 years were enrolled in this study. Results: Factor V G1691A Leiden, factor V H1299R (R2), prothrombin G20210A, factor XIIIV34L, beta beta-fibrinogen-455 G-A, glycoprotein IIIa L33P human platelet antigens (HPA-1), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C gene polymorphisms were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G//5G genotype in the study group and 4G//4G genotype in the control group were significantly higher (p == 0.014). No significant difference was detected in terms of the 5G//5G genotype. With regard to the ACE gene polymorphism, the control group showed more ID genotype (19//33, 57.6%%), whereas the study group showed more DD genotype (17//35, 48.6%%). II genotype was similar in both groups (x<SU2</SU == 7.40, p == 0.025). The rate of ACE inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blockers use was 5//35 in the study group (14.3%%) and 5//33 in the control group (15.2%%). Individuals with PAI-1 4G//5G genotype showed 5.03 times more risk of thrombosis when compared with 4G//4G and 5G//5G genotypes [p == 0.008, OR == 5.03, 95%% confidence interval (1.44:17.64)]. Individuals with ACE DD genotype showed 4.25 times more risk of thrombosis when compared with II and ID [p == 0.008, OR == 4.25, 95%% confidence interval (1.404:12.83)]. Conclusion: PAI-1 4G//5G and ACE DD genotypes are associated with increased risk for early AVF thrombosis.</.