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Öğe DETECTION AND FIRST MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF THREE PICORNAVIRUSES FROM DIARRHOEIC CALVES IN TURKEY(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2019) Isidan, Hakan; Turan, Turhan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Sozdutmaz, Ibrahim; Irehan, BunyaminThe involvement of picornaviruses in calf diarrhoea was evaluated by the analysis of 127 faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves during 2014-2016. Virus detections were carried out by PCR using generic or specific primer pairs. One-third of the faecal samples (33.86%) were found to be positive for one or more of the studied viruses. Bovine kobuvirus was detected in 22.83%, bovine hungarovirus in 11.02%, while bovine enterovirus 1 in 5.51% of the samples. The sequences of the PCR products indicated the existence of novel variants in all the three virus species. When comparing the partial sequences, the nucleotide sequence identities between our newly detected viruses and those previously deposited to the GenBank ranged between 76 and 99%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel lineage within the species Hunnivirus A. Our findings suggest that these viruses should be regarded as possible aetiological agents of calf diarrhoea. Based on the newly determined sequences, we designed and tested a new generic PCR primer set for the more reliable detection of bovine hungaroviruses. This is the first report on the molecular detection of the presence of bovine hungarovirus, bovine kobuvirus and bovine enterovirus 1 in the faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves in Turkey.Öğe Detection and molecular analysis of bovine enteric norovirus and nebovirus in Turkey(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2018) Turan, Turhan; Isidan, Hakan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Irehan, BunyaminIntroduction: Bovine Norovirus (BoNeV) which has been confirmed in Asia, America, and Europe, seems to be distributed worldwide, even though only reported from a number of countries. Bovine noroviruses are predominantly detected in diarrhoeic animals rather than neboviruses. The study reveals the importance of noro- and neboviruses in early age diarrhoea of calves. Material and Methods: A total of 127 stool samples were collected from three provinces located in the central region of Turkey. Samples were subjected to nucleic acid isolation and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were sequenced and analysed. Results: According to PCR, five samples (3.93%) were found to be positive for bovine norovirus while 32 (25.19%) samples were found to be positive for bovine nebovirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the novel Turkish norovirus strains were found to be of genotype 111.2 and all novel neboviruses were substituted under Nebraska-like strains. Conclusion: Although predominantly bovine noroviruses are detected worldwide, the study indicated that bovine neboviruses were more prevalent in the studied area. We suggest that bovine neboviruses are more frequently responsible for calf diarrhoea than supposed by virologists. This is also the first report of neboviruses other than Kirklareli virus which is distantly related to neboviruses detected in Turkey.Öğe GENETIC DIVERSITY of OVINE HERPESVIRUS 2 STRAINS OBTAINED FROM MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER CASES in EASTERN TURKEY(Elsevier, 2020) Turan, Turhan; Isidan, Hakan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Sozdutmaz, Ibrahim; Bulut, HakanMalignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) is a generalized, definitive lethal disease affecting the epithelial and lymphoid tissues of the respiratory and digestive tract, mainly cattle and some wild ruminants such as deer, buffalo or antelope. The sheep-related form of MCF is known to be present in Turkey and is caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). The aim of this study was to reveal the genetic diversity of OvHV-2 strains obtained from MCF cases in Eastern Turkey where the livestock industry has an important impact on economic activities. For this purpose, RTA (Replication and transcription activator), FGARAT (formylglycineamide ribotide amidotransferase) and some of glycoprotein genes (0v7, Ov8 ex2, ORF27 and Ov9.5) were investigated in blood samples from 24 cattles, clinically diagnosed with MCF. Genomic data of chosen samples were furthermore used to characterize and undergo combined phylogenetic analysis to determine possible alleles and subvariants. The results showed that high level of OvHV-2 diversity existed in selected genes and strains carrying allelic variants might circulate both in two geographically distinct regions and in a region itself. Moreover, three different OvHV-2 types and various subtypes were identified based on multi locus approach. This study provides important data to epidemiological research and thereby helps to determine the source of the virus and understand the spread of the disease.Öğe Molecular analysis of goose parvovirus field strains from a Derzsy's disease outbreak reveals local European-associated variants(Springer Wien, 2021) Isidan, Hakan; Turan, Turhan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Coskun, AlparslanSince its first recognition in the early 1960s, Derzsy's disease has caused significant economic losses in the goose meat industry through the world. Today, Derzsy's disease still maintains its importance for small-scale waterfowl farming, despite not having a significant impact on public health. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of goose parvovirus (GPV) and its potential variants from a 2019 outbreak in Turkey. Tissue samples were obtained from infected eggs and goslings that were raised in distinct farming areas of the various provinces. For this purpose, a novel primer set for amplification of a 630-bp region of VP3 was designed to confirm GPV infection by conventional PCR method. A 4709-base nucleotide sequence including the structural, non-structural, and 5' inverted terminal repeat regions was obtained from three samples from the Central Anatolian region. Multiple sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the field strains clustered with European group 2 and contained a series of unique amino acid substitutions that might affect the virulence of the virus. These results confirmed that European-related field strains caused the outbreak in Asia Minor, and this might assist in understanding the circulation of GPV in Asia and Europe.Öğe Molecular Characterization and Whole Genome Analysis of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Isolates Obtained From Turkey(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2019) Işıdan, Hakan; Turan, Turhan; Atasoy, Mustafa OzanSince the first recognition in North America, 1941, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) have been detected in many countries including Turkey, as a result of international trade. Sicnificant economic loss primarily occurs in fishes less than six months age. The causative agent belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae and is a non-enveloped virus with a 60 nm icosahedral structure and a bi-segmented double stranded RNA genome. Segment A which codes VP2, VP3, VP4 and VP5 while segment B encodes VP1, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The objective of this study was to investigate whole genome properties of IPNV isolated from six different regions of Turkey (Duzce, Sanliurfa, Tokat, K. Maras, Trabzon and Gaziantep) between 2004 and 2013. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genomic data showed that six isolates were clustered with genogroup 5, and group 1, based on segment A and Segment B data, respectively. Moreover, several substitutions in VP2 hypervariable region associates with low virulence and point mutations in the VP5 coding sequence were detected. This research may provide valuable information on the characterization of IPNV isolates circulating different geographical area of Turkey.Öğe Molecular detection and genomic characterisation of Torque teno canis virus in Turkey(Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2020) Turan, Turhan; Isidan, Hakan; Atasoy, Mustafa OzanTorque teno virus (TTV) was first detected in humans, and since then it has been reported in many host species, such as monkeys, cats, pigs, seagulls and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) in shelter dogs housed in Sivas Municipal Animal Shelter, Turkey. Faecal specimens, including diarrheic and non-diarrheic (n=202), were collected from dogs of various age groups. In total, 32.18% (65/202) of samples were found positive for TTCaV. Out of the 65 positive samples, 34.64% (44/127) samples were from adult diarrheic dogs and 26.09% (6/23) belonged to diarrheic puppies. On the other hand, 28.84% (15/52) positive samples were detected from clinically healthy dogs. Eight sequences showed close homology among themselves, however, the sequences of two samples (CANEL130 and CANEL140) were genetically distinct from other published sequences. This is the first report on the detection of TTCaV in adult dogs and puppies in Turkey, and provides evidence that TTCaV cannot be considered as the sole cause of diarrhea.Öğe Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of bee pathogens; with a note first detection of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus, Varroa destructor virus-1, Apis rhabdovirus-1, and Apis rhabdovirus-2 in Türkiye(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Altay, Kursat; Isidan, Hakan; Erol, Ufuk; Turan, Turhan; Sahin, Omer Faruk; Kalin, Recep; Atasoy, Mustafa OzanTurkey is one of the most important bee centers in the world, but there is limited information about honey bee pathogens in the country. This study aimed to investigate bee pathogens using microscopic and molecular techniques (PCR, RT-PCR, nested-PCR, and sequencing) in Sivas province, the second-biggest beekeeping center in Turkey. For this purpose, bee samples were obtained from 149 bee colonies belonging to 74 local beekeepers in eight districts of the Sivas province. The bee samples were examined for pathogens, and at least one pathogen was detected in 148 bee colonies. In this study, a single infection was determined in 26.17% (39/149) of the bee samples, while the prevalence of co-infection was 73.15% (109/149). Nosema ceranae, Varroa destructor haplotype-K, Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus, Deformed wing virus, Varroa destructor virus-1, Lake Sinai virus-2, Apis rhabdovirus-1, and Apis rhabdovirus-2 were detected. Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus, Varroa destructor virus-1, Apis rhabdovirus-1, and Apis rhabdovirus-2 were found for the first time in Turkey with the current study. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis and phylogeny relationships of bee pathogens obtained from samples were done, and sequences were deposited to GenBank. This study provides molecular data on the presence and prevalence of important bee pathogens in the region. As the prevalence of many pathogens has been determined, especially the existence of viral new species has been revealed, the effects of the species on beekeeping should be studied, and beekeepers should take effective control measures to reduce the effects of these pathogens.Öğe Seroepidemiological Study of West Nile Virus Infections in Some of Mammalian Species from the Eastern Turkey.(Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2017) Turan, Turhan; Işıdan, Hakan; İrehan, Bünyamin; Atasoy, Mustafa OzanBatı Nil Virusu (BNV); insanlar, atlar, kuşlar ve birçok evcil ve yabani hayvanlarda çeşitli sinirsel semptomlara neden olan, özellikle Culex cinsi sokucu sineklerle bulaşan Flaviviridae familyasının Flavivirus genusuna mensup bir RNA virusudur. Son yıllarda özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Asya, Afrika, Orta Doğu, Balkanlar ve Avrupa’da insanlar, atlar, köpekler ve kanatlı hayvanlarda hafif seyirli ateşli hastalıktan ölümlerle sonuçlanan menenjit ve ensefalite kadar varabilen BNV enfeksiyonlarına rastlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan 5 farklı ildeki 282 eşek ile 48 köpek ve 45 sığırdan toplanan 375 adet kan serumu örneği kullanıldı. Serum örneklerinde ticari bir competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) testi kullanılarak BNV’na spesifik antikorların varlığı araştırıldı. BNV antikorları yönünden 375 örneğin 22’si (% 5.87) pozitif bulundu.Öğe The Effect of Greater Celandine Active Ingredient Chelidonine on Isolated Rat Bladder and Trachea Smooth Muscles and Primary Lung and Kidney Cell Lines(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2020) Arslanbas, Emre; Kara, Haki; Turgut, Nergiz Hacer; Gungor, Huseyin; Dogan, Halef Okan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Kumru, Alper SerhatThis study aims to explore the pharmacodynamics of chelidonine, the active ingredient in greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), on in vitro rat bladder and trachea tissue, and evaluate its cell protective effects on primary lung and kidney cell lines. The study was carried out via repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, verapamil and oxybutynin, alongside Ca++ in a calcium-free environment, on urinary bladder tissue, and repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, carbachol and mecamylamine on trachea tissue. At the same time, cell viability and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was measured on primary cell lines obtained from lung and kidney tissue samples. The study has shown that chelidonine has a relaxant effect on bladder and trachea tissues, and it may be mentioned that this effect is produced via muscarinic receptors. In addition, chelidonin caused a statistically insignificant increase in cell viability in primary lung and kidney cell lines at increasing doses (1 and 4 mu g/mL), but this increase remained at the control group level. In contrast, chelidonin caused a significant decrease in cell viability at the same cell lines at doses of 8 and 16 mu g/mL. In conclusion, it is suggested that greater celandine, which is used in folk medicine, and its active ingredient chelidonine might have beneficial effects on asthma, urinary incontinence and other urinary tract and respiratory diseases among others.Öğe The Effect of Plantain Active Ingredient Aucubin on Isolated Rat Smooth Muscle Tissue and Primary Cell Lines(2020) Arslanbaş, Emre; Kara, Haki; Turgut, Nergiz Hacer; Güngör, Hüseyin; Doğan, Halef Okan; Atasoy, Mustafa Ozan; Kumru, Alper SerhatThis study aims to assess the pharmacodynamics of aucubin, the active ingredient in plantain (Plantago), in vitrorat bladder and trachea tissues, and explore its cell protective effects on primary lung and kidney cell lines. The study wascarried out by repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, verapamil and oxybutynin, alongside Ca ++ in a calcium-freeenvironment, on urinary bladder tissue, and repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, carbachol and mecamylamineon trachea tissue. At the same time, cell viability and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was measured in primarycell lines. The results indicated that aucubin had a relaxant effect on urinary bladder and trachea tissues. It was conceivedthat aucubin acted as a cholinergic antagonist through different subreceptors (muscarinic-3 receptors). The results alsoindicated that aucubin caused a statistically insignificant increase in remaining at the level of the control group in cellviability in the primary lung and kidney cell lines at increasing concentrations (1-10 µM), while causing a significant reducein cell viability at 20 and 50 µM concentrations in the same cell lines. In conclusion, it is suggested that plantain, which isused in folk medicine, and its active ingredient aucubin might have beneficial effects on bronchoconstriction and otherrespiratory conditions, as well as on pulmonary and renal diseases, urinary incontinence, etc
