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Öğe The Bond Strength of a Highly Cross-linked Denture Tooth to Denture Base Polymers: A Comparative Study(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2011) Korkmaz, Turan; Dogan, Arife; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Demir, HakanPurpose: This study compared shear bond strength and type of bond failure between a highly cross-linked tooth and different denture base polymers. Materials and Methods: Cross-linked denture teeth were bonded to either a heat-, an auto-, a microwave-polymerized denture base resin or a relatively new injection-molded, microwave-polymerizable polyurethane-based resin. Six experimental groups were established for each of the shear and peel tests. In four of the groups, teeth were used as received and bonded to each of the denture base resins; in the remaining two groups, they were treated with dichloromethane to determine its effect on the bonding with heat or auto-polymerized denture base resins. Bond strength was determined by compressive load applied at 45 degrees on the palatal surface of each tooth until fracture; the type of bond failure was assessed by the peel test. Results: The results showed that heat-cured PMMA groups failed cohesively and demonstrated significantly higher bond strengths than the other resins used. The application of dichloromethane on the ridge lap areas of teeth resulted in a significant improvement of bond strengths in heat- and auto-cured resins. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this experimental study, the results suggest that type of denture base material and processing methods may have an influence upon the bond strength between interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) denture teeth and base materials. Treatment of denture teeth with dichloromethane could provide substantial improvement in the bond strength of teeth with heat and auto-cured denture base resins; however, this finding should be validated in further investigations on the long-term effect of such treatment on the bond strength.Öğe Bond strength of a silicone soft lining material to poly(methyl methacrylate) resin treated with maleic anhydride and its terpolymers(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Turgut, Mehmet; Bolayir, Giray; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Arife; Boztug, AliThis study investigated the effectiveness of surface treatment of Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base resin on tensile bond strength between PMMA/silicone-based soft liner. A total of 25 specimens were fabricated and assigned into five groups (n = 5). The surfaces of PMMA were treated with maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride-styrene-vinyl-acetate, n-butylmaleate-styrene-vinyl-acetate, or n-pentamaleate-styrene-vinyl-acetate prior to Primo adhesive primer application and silicone liner placement. The Primo adhesive primer on applied group untreated dentuse base resin served as control. The tensile test was performed using a universal testing machine. Fractured surfaces were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic interpretation of the interfaces was done by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Test results showed that surface treatment increased interfacial strength giving the highest value for n-butylmaleatestyrenevinyl acetate treated group. SEM micrographs revealed that the specimens with n-butylmaleate-styrene-vinyl-acetate and n-pentamaleate-styrene-vinylacetate terpolymers underwent cohesive failure. FTIR analysis indicated secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonding, possibly on acrylic resin surfaces, caused by the use of maleic anhydride and its terpolymers, and the adhesive.Öğe Color change evaluation of denture soft lining materials in coffee and tea(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2007) Oguz, Serra; Mutluay, Mustafa Murat; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bek, BulentThis study evaluated the color stability of soft denture liners after being exposed to coffee and tea solutions for different time periods. Four soft denture liners and a denture base polymer were tested. Five specimens of each material were immersed in either coffee or tea solution at 50 +/- 1 degrees C for one, three, nine, 24, 48, and 96 hours. Color measurements were made using a reflectance spectrophotometer before and after the specimens were exposed to the solutions. After 96 hours' immersion in coffee and tea solutions, coffee produced more marked color changes than did tea for all the materials tested. Surface roughness (Ra) of the materials after being cured against a stainless steel surface was also measured with a contact-type surface roughness measuring instrument. Due to the different surface structures, which thus accounted for the different Ra values, the materials behaved differently when immersed in different solutions.Öğe Effect of Argon Plasma Pretreatment on Tensile Bond Strength of a Silicone Soft Liner to Denture Base Polymers(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Bicer, Arzu Zeynep Yildirim; Dogan, Arife; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Orhan MuratThis study evaluated the effect of argon plasma treatment on tensile bonding of heat-cured and auto-polymerized acrylic resins prior to the processing of a silicone soft liner. Both types of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resins were treated with argon plasma for 1min or 10min (n=5). A control group, including untreated resin specimens, was also formed. After processing of the soft liner, the specimens were deflasked and stored dry for 24h, and they were then subjected to tensile bond strength testing. In order to see the plasma effect on the resin surface chemistry, representative specimens were analysed by XPS. Highest tensile bond strengths were observed in the 1-min exposure group for each resin, and 10-min exposure yielded the lowest bond strength likely due to the damaging effect of the plasma treatment. XPS analysis showed that the O/C ratios increased greatly in treated samples and that the binding energy values were not significantly changed.Öğe Effect of bleaching on color change and refractive index of dental composite resins(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2008) Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Akaoglu, Baris; Dogan, Arife; Keskin, Selda; Bolayir, Giray; Ozcelik, Suleyman; Dogan, Orhan MuratThis study investigated the effects of three bleaching agents (Whiteness Perfect, Whiteness Super, and Whiteness HP) on the color change and refractive index of three dental composites (Admira, Durafill VS, and Gradia Direct). Twenty diskshaped specimens (10 x 2 mm) of each composite were prepared and divided into four subgroups (n = 5). An unbleached group was used as a control, while the remaining specimens in the three subgroups were bleached with one of the bleaching agents respectively. Color change was assessed according to CIELAB color system and refractive indices were determined by phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometry. Color differences between bleaching and baseline value (Delta E) were less than 3.3 for all groups. However, bleaching with Whiteness HP led to noticeable color changes for Admira and Durafill VS. While this agent had no effect on the refractive indices of these composites, the other two agents containing carbamide peroxide increased their refractive indices. Therefore, results suggested that replacement of such composite restorations may be required after bleaching.Öğe Effect of Bleaching on Roughness of Dental Composite Resins(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2008) Dogan, Arife; Ozcelik, Suleyman; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Cakmak, Mehmet; Bolayir, GirayThis study investigated the effect of three bleaching agents (Whiteness Perfect, Whiteness Super, Whiteness HP) on roughness of three dental resin composites (Admira, Durafill VS, Gradia Direct). Twenty disk-shaped standard specimens (102mm) of each composite material were prepared and divided into four subgroups (n=5). In each resin composite group, the unbleached specimens served as control; the other specimens were bleached with one of the bleaching agents according to the manufacturer's instruction. Roughness values were assessed using the atomic force microscope and metallographic microscope. Two-dimensional and 3D images were also taken for detecting surface alterations of each specimen group. Although the surfaces of all specimens did not seem to be smooth, the unbleached control specimens showed more irregular areas compared with those of the bleached ones. Roughness values were decreased in bleached groups to some extent depending on the bleaching agents used.Öğe The effect of Esthetic fibers on impact resistance of a conventional heat-cured denture base resin(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2007) Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bolayir, Giray; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Arife; Bek, Bulent; Boztug, AliThis study was conducted to observe the changes in impact resistance of a denture base resin reinforced with five types of fiber. E-glass, polyester, rayon, nylon 6, and nylon 6/6 fibers were cut into 2, 4, and 6 mm lengths and added into the resin at a concentration of 3% by weight. Five test specimens for each formulation, as well as control specimens without fiber, were prepared using a mold including a V-shaped notch with 55 x 10 x 10 mm dimensions. Impact tests were carried out using a Charpy-type tester. Additionally, surfaces of the impact sections were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that impact energy tended to increase with fiber length, and that the highest value was recorded for rayon fiber-reinforced specimens of 6 mm length. E-glass fiber reinforcement produced relatively stable, high values for each length, whereby good interfacial strength between polymer matrix and glass fibers was confirmed by SEM analysis.Öğe Effect of Maleic Anhydride Pretreatment on Tensile Bond Strength of a Silicone Soft Liner to a Denture Base Polymer(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2011) Demir, Hakan; Soygun, Koray; Dogan, Arife; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bolayir, GirayPurpose: To determine the effect of resin surface treatment with dissolved maleic anhydride in butanone added into primer on the tensile bond strength between an acrylic denture base resin and a silicone soft liner. Materials and Methods: To test tensile bond strength, standard dumbbell-shaped acrylic specimens were prepared. Five experimental groups, including the control, were tested (n = 5). Maleic anhydride solutions prepared in butanone at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% or 20% were then mixed with 1 ml of Primo adhesive and the mixtures were applied onto the resin bonding surfaces. Silicone liner material was applied to resin surfaces in the conventional manner. Tensile bond strength of the specimens was measured in a universal testing machine. Fractured surfaces were observed under the scanning electron microscope, and resulting chemical changes with the solutions used were analyzed spectroscopically. Results: The highest bond strength value was obtained for the group treated with 5% maleic anhydride (2.53 +/- 0.48 MPa); the lowest value was for the group treated with 20% maleic anhydride (1.59 +/- 0.29 MPa). Mixed failure was the dominant type seen in the experimental groups. Spectroscopic analysis showed the interaction of the anhydride carbonyl groups with the Primo primer. Conclusion: The treatment of resin surfaces with maleic anhydride added to Primo adhesive effectively increased bond strength between silicone soft liner and denture base resin.Öğe The Effect of Surface Treatments on Tensile Bond Strength between a Silicone Soft Liner and a Heat-Cured Denture Base Resin(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Soygun, Koray; Bolayir, Giray; Dogan, Arife; Demir, Hakan; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, SeldaThis study evaluated tensile bond strength of a denture soft lining material to a poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) denture base resin subjected to different surface treatment modalities and thermocycling. The materials tested were a silicone-based liner, Molloplast B (R), and a heat-cured denture base resin, Meliodent (TM). The denture soft lining material was packed against cured PMMA base resin, which was smoothed; sandblasted with 250-mu m Al2O3 particles; or lased with a KTP laser; or against uncured PMMA dough (n = 10). In each group, five specimens were thermocycled in a water bath (5-55 degrees C; 3000 cycles) before testing, whereas the other five were directly tested after 24 h. A tensile test was performed using a universal testing machine. Data showed that different treatment modalities of resin surfaces affected adhesion between these two materials and the highest bond values were recorded for cured/smoothed samples under each condition tested. Thermocycling of specimens had no significant reducing effect on measured bond strength values.Öğe Effect of thermocycling on tensile strength and tear resistance of four soft denture liners(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2007) Oguz, Serra; Mutluay, Mustafa Murat; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bek, BulentThis study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on the tensile strength and tear resistance of four long-term soft denture liners. One light-activated (Astron Light, AL), two chemically activated (GC Reline Soft, GC; Silagum Comfort, SC), and one heat-cured (Molloplast-B, MLP) soft liner materials were tested. Dumbbell and trouser-leg specimen geometries were used for tensile strength and tear resistance tests, respectively. A total of 120 specimens were prepared. Test specimens for each material (n=5) were subjected to thermal cycling for 1,000 and 3,000 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C in a thermocycler. Before thermocycling, AL gave the lowest tensile strength, while SC exhibited the highest tear resistance value among the materials tested (p<0.05). Thermal cycling significantly affected the tensile strength of AL as well as the tear resistance values of AL, MLP, and GC materials. This in vitro study revealed that the tensile strength and tear resistance values of the soft liner materials tested varied according to their chemical compositions.Öğe Effects of Different Denture Cleansers on the Tensile Bond Strength of Denture Liners(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009) Demir, Hakan; Soygun, Koray; Bolayir, Giray; Dogan, Arife; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Orhan MuratThe effect of two denture cleansers (Polident (R) and Protefix (R)) on the tensile bond strength between four soft liner materials (Molloplast B (R), Permaflex (R), Sofreliner Tough Medium (R), and GC Reline Soft (R)) and a conventional denture base resin was investigated. For each of the liner materials 35 test specimens were prepared according to test the requirements and assigned into seven groups (n=5). Before tensile testing, five of the liner specimens were kept in water or soaked in two cleansing solutions during 2 and 7 d. Five other samples served as a control group subjected directly to tensile testing. The bond strength values were obtained using a universal testing machine and compared statistically. The type of failure was assessed visually. No significant difference was found between the groups for the tested conditions used (p0.05). The most frequent failure mode was cohesive for Molloplast and Permaflex specimens, adhesive for Sofreliner Tough Medium, and a mixed type of failure was observed for GC Reline Soft material.Öğe Effects of Light Curing Modes and Resin Composites on Temperature Rise under Human Dentin: An in vitro Study(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2008) Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Dogan, Arife; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bolayir, Giray; Bek, BulentThe influence of three curing modes of a high-powered LED curing unit on temperature rise under 2-mm-thick dentin was investigated during the polymerization of resin composite samples of Admira, Filtek P60. Premise, Tetric Flow, Tetric Ceram, and Filtek Z250. Ninety standard specimens were prepared. The bonding agents and resin composites were cured with standard, pulse, or soft-start mode (n=5 for each curing mode). Temperature rise was measured using a type 1, thermocouple. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Soft-start curing led to statistically higher temperature rises compared than the other two modes. The highest temperature rise was observed for Admira and Tetric Flow cured with soft-start mode. The lowest temperature rise was observed for Premise cured with pulse mode. However, temperature rise did not reach the critical value that can cause pulpal damage by virtue of a prominent safety feature of the high-powered LED LCU, which ensures that no excessive heat is produced by all the three curing modes.Öğe Effects of the Different Methacrylate Monomers on Bond Strength Between Soft Liner and Acrylic Resin(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2013) Bolayir, Giray; Soygun, Koray; Simsek, Selcuk; Yilmaz, Ersen; Dogan, Arife; Boztug, Ali; Dogan, Orhan MuratIn the present study, tensile bond strength between on acrylic resin and a soft liner, molloplast B, was studied. To enhance the bonding capacity between these materials, acrylic resin surface was modified using ethyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate or tert-butyl methacrylate monomers. The monomers were applied onto the surfaces of methacrylate components for 60, 120 or 180 s and the bond strength values were obtained. The values were statistically compared. Changes on the modified surfaces were investigated by fourier transform infared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The highest bond strength value was obtained from 120 s treatments with ethyl methacrylate and the lowest value was obtained from 60 s treatments with iso-butyl methacrylate. These high alkyl monomers also had secondary interactions on the acrylic surfaces, evidenced by FTIR-ATR.Öğe Evaluation of laser treatment on reline-base composites(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Bolayir, Giray; Turgut, Mehmet; Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Arife; Bek, BuelentThe effects of different laser treatments on some mechanical properties of acrylic resin and soft liner were investigated. A total of 60 test specimens were fabricated according to test requirements. The specimens were roughened with Potassium-ticanyl-Phosphate (KTP), Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers before application of soft liner. The flexural, peel, and tensile bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra of surfaces were also obtained to evaluate changes on the lased surfaces. No significant difference was apparent between the tensile bond strength values of the groups. Although peel strength values obtained for each of the laser types were lower than those of the control group, flexural strength values were higher than those of the control specimens. The spectra of specimens showed that lasing led to some chemical changes on the resin surfaces. Physical changes on the treated surfaces were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results of this study suggest that such treatments may be warranted because of the increase in flexural strength.Öğe The evaluation of some flexural properties of a denture base resin reinforced with various aesthetic fibers(SPRINGER, 2008) Dogan, Orhan Murat; Bolayir, Giray; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Arife; Bek, BuelentThis study was performed to determine whether some flexural properties of a denture base resin material could be improved through reinforcement with five types of aesthetic fibers at 3% concentration by weight and in 2, 4, and 6 mm length. Five specimens of similar dimensions were prepared for each of the test groups; base resin and the same resin with glass, rayon, polyester, nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 fibers in three different lengths. Flexural properties were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. A visual examination was also made to determine mode of fracture of the specimens. The incorporation of different fibers in varying lengths had no significant effect on flexural strength of the resin. The specimens reinforced with nylon 6,6 fibers of 6 mm length showed the highest flexural strength. Young's modulus and maximum load suggests that such reinforcement makes resin resistant to fracture.Öğe Flexural and bonding properties of a denture base polymer treated with nitric acid or ultraviolet radiation before relining with Molloplast-b(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2007) Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, Selda; Bolayir, Giray; Usanmaz, Ali; Bek, BuelentThis study investigated adhesive forces and flexural strength of acrylic resin denture base relined with Molloplast-B soft lining material. To increase bonding between the two materials, the surface of the resin was modified with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or nitric acid treatment. The peel strength greatly increased with nitric acid treatment because of the high polarity on the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface and the increase in the surface roughness, whereas low peel strength was seen with the UV treatment of the PMMA surface. Although both types of the surface pretreatment increased the flexural strength of PMMA-reline composites compared with the control and bulk PMMA groups, the increase in the UV-treated group was found to be higher than that of the nitric acid treated group.Öğe Influence of Surface Finish on Flexural Strength and Microhardness of Indirect Resin Composites and the Effect of Thermal Cycling(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Bicer, Arzu Zeynep Yildirim; Dogan, Arife; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Sengonul, Merih Cemal; Artvin, ZaferThis study investigated the effect of surface finish and thermal cycling procedures on flexural strength and surface microhardness of three indirect resin composites, Artglass (R), Signum (R), and Solidex (R). The specimens were prepared in sufficient number and size according to flexural and microhardness test requirements (n=10). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis was also used for studying the morphology, dispersion, and elemental compositions of fillers. The EDX results showed that Artglass contained 1.57% aluminium oxide (Al2O3), 53.29% silicon dioxide (SiO2), and 2.62% barium oxide (BaO); Signum had 55.69% silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Solidex had 44.99% silicon dioxide (SiO2) of total mass. Artglass appeared to display the best flexural strength values under all the test conditions employed (range: 116.8 +/- 32.18 to 147.8 +/- 47.97 MPa), and it was followed by Signum (range: 93.7 +/- 22.84 to 118.0 +/- 33.45 MPa). Thermal cycling did not seem to have affected the flexural strength of Artglass and Signum (p > 0.05); however, it led to a significant decrease, from (110.5 +/- 20.69 MPa) to 74.0 +/- 13.30 MPa (p < 0.001), in the strength of polished Solidex specimens. While surface microhardness of the three materials increased by polishing ( Artglass: 55.7 +/- 2.64/74.1 +/- 8.63 Vickers Hardness Numbers (VHN); Signum: 44.8 +/- 3.12/60.7 +/- 4.50 VHN; Solidex: 44.0 +/- 2.31/53.4 +/- 3.58 VHN for unpolished/polpolished specimens), thermal cycling had a deleterious effect on this property (p < 0.001).Öğe Microhardness evaluation of resin composites polymerized by three different light sources(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2007) Hubbezoglu, Ihsan; Bolayir, Giray; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Dogan, Arife; Ozer, Ali; Bek, BuelentThis study examined the surface microhardness of four kinds of resin composites with different fillers and resin matrices. Ten specimens of 2 mm thickness and 4 mm diameter of each resin composite were polymerized using a halogen light, a blue light-emitted diode, and a plasma are unit. Microhardness evaluation was performed at top and bottom surfaces for each specimen using a Vickers microhardness tester. Furthermore, morphologies of the polished top surfaces of composites cured with blue ligbt-emitted diode were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that composites cured with halogen or blue light-emitted diode light yielded higher microhardness values, although it also appeared to depend on the type of composite cured. Plasma arc curing according to manufacturer's instructions yielded the lowest microhardness values for all the materials. Among the materials tested, the nanofilled resin composite displayed the highest microhardness values for each curing regime.Öğe Peel Bond Strength of Two Silicone Soft Liners to a Heat-cured Denture Base Resin(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2011) Demir, Hakan; Dogan, Arife; Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, Selda; Bolayir, Giray; Soygun, KorayPurpose: This study investigated the peel strength of two different soft liners to a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin before and after thermocycling. Materials and Methods: The silicone-based soft liner materials tested were Molloplast B and Permaflex; the denture base material was a heat-cured acrylic resin, Meliodent. A total of 40 specimens was prepared using rectangular molds with dimensions of 100 x 10 x 2 mm for PMMA and 150 x 10 x 2 mm for soft liners, as described in ASTM-D903-93. For each of the liner materials, 10 specimens were packed against a cured PMMA denture base surface as recommended by the manufacturers. The other 10 specimens were packed against PMMA denture base dough and processed together. In each group, 5 of the specimens were tested directly, while the other 5 were thermocycled in a water bath (5 C to 55 C; 3000 cycles) before testing. Peel testing was performed using an Instron testing machine. Results: The results revealed that peel strength values of the Permaflex specimens prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations were significantly higher than those of Molloplast B (p < 0.05). However, when packing was done against uncured PMMA dough, the difference between the specimens of two liners was not significant. Thermocycling led to significant decreases in the peel strength of both Permaflex liner specimens packed against cured/uncured PMMA resin surfaces (p < 0.05), whereas this process did not affect the strength of Molloplast B specimens. Conclusion: Results indicated that the material Molloplast B was superior to the material Permaflex in terms of peel strength when the specimens were simultaneously polymerized with PMMA and thermocycled.Öğe Structure-property relation of a soft liner material used in denture applications(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2007) Dogan, Orhan Murat; Keskin, Selda; Dogan, Arife; Ataman, Hande; Usanmaz, AliWith a view to understanding the structure-property relation of a silicone-based soft lining denture material after polymerization, its chemical composition and viscoelastic properties were investigated. Chemical compositions of the cured and uncured polymers of a commercial silicone permanent soft liner were determined by infrared spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method was used to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of the cured polymer of liner. Spectroscopic analysis showed that the main component of soft liner was vinyl-terminated poly (dim ethylsiloxane), and the adhesive was 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane. NMR results revealed that other components included benzoyl peroxide as initiator for polymerization and also silicilic acid. Surface analysis by XPS provided interesting insights about the nature of adhesive bonding, as well as diffusion of silicilic acid through the matrix of the processed material and leaching-out. DMA results showed a two-phase character, and that the cured polymer was highly elastic.
