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    Boron-Doped Nano Hydroxyapatite Grafts for Bone Regeneration in Rat Mandibular Defects
    (Springernature, 2024) Demirkiran, Berat Baturay; Inan, Zeynep Deniz Sahin; Hamutoglu, Rasim; Oksuz, Kerim Emre; Hasbek, Zekiye; Altuntas, Emine Elif
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of boron-doped nano hydroxyapatite grafts on craniofacial bone regeneration in critical bone defects in the mandibular corpus of rats, in terms of scintigraphic and histopathological aspects. Forty Wistar albino rats, with an average weight of 200-220 g, aged 16-18 weeks, and all male, were used in the study. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups, each containing 8 rats, as follows: group C1 (no procedure applied to the mandible), group C2 (surgical defect created in the mandible but no treatment applied), group nHA (nano hydroxyapatite applied to the surgical defect area), group nHA + B1 (nano hydroxyapatite + 1% boron applied to the surgical defect area), and group nHA + B2 (nano hydroxyapatite + 2% boron applied to the surgical defect area). A standard 4 x 4 mm full-thickness transosseous bone defect was created in the mandibular corpus of all rats, except for those in group C1. The bone defect in the rats in group C2 was left to heal naturally. Nano hydroxyapatite (nHA), nano hydroxyapatite + 1% boron, and nano hydroxyapatite + 2% boron were applied to the surgical defect areas of the other three groups, respectively. Bone scintigraphy was performed on all rats on days 0 (following the surgical procedure) and 28 of the experimental period. At the end of the 28th day, the animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were collected for histological examination. A standard grading system was used to evaluate fracture healing. When the groups were compared in terms of bone healing histopathological scores, a statistically significant difference was observed between group C1 and the other groups (p < 0.005). In the statistical evaluation made according to the histopathological mean scores, the least improvement was observed in group C2. No statistically significant difference was observed between group nHA and group nHA + B1 and group C2 and between group nHA and group nHA + B1 in terms of bone healing scores (p > 0.005). A statistically significant difference was found between group nHA + B2 and group C2 (p = 0.026). Although there was no statistically significant difference in histopathological scores, the mean score closest to group C1 was observed in group nHA + B2. A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the scintigraphic evaluation performed on the 28th day of the experimental procedure, and the difference was between group C1 and group nHA + B1 and between group nHA and group nHA + B1 (p = 0.004; p = 0.028, p < 0.005). In the comparison of the values obtained on days 0 and 28 within the group, a statistically significant change was observed in group nHA + B1 and group nHA + B2 (p < 0.005). When the results of the present study were evaluated, it was thought that the boron-doped nHA graft biomaterials may have positive effects on bone healing. Providing a different perspective for the development of an alternative new treatment modality that can be locally applied in the treatment of fractures a serious and common health problem can be interpreted as an important outcome of the present study. We believe that this study will serve as a preliminary study for more comprehensive future studies on this subject.
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    Formation and branching patterns of deep palmar arch
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Hamutoglu, Rasim; Pestemalci, Sukru Turan; Yildirim, Mehmet
    Objective: The present study is to document and provide information about both normal and variable morphology of the deep palmar arch (DPA) in adult human cadavers by the dissection method. Materials and Methods: We examined 12 upper extremities (6 cadavers). After the classification of the vascular patterns of DPA and its branches, measurements of the vessel diameters were carried out using a digital compass. Results: Deep palmar arch was found as a completed arch (100%) in all cases. The anastomosis between the distal deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery (DPBUA) and the terminal branch of the radial artery (RA) was the most common type in our study. The incidence of the DPA was reported as a complete arch ranging from 54.9% to 100%. Palmar metacarpal arteries (MPAs) originating from the DPA were divided into four branches (25%) in three cases and three branches (75%) in nine cases. The mean diameter of the MPAs at the point of origin at the DPA was between 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of the DPA branching diameters in the hand will facilitate surgical and radiological approaches and contribute to a constantly expanding knowledge base in literature.
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    The regulation of trophoblast invasion and decidual reaction by matrix metalloproteinase-2, metalloproteinase-7, and metalloproteinase-9 expressions in the rat endometrium
    (Wiley, 2020) Hamutoglu, Rasim; Bulut, Huseyin Eray; Kaloglu, Celal; Onder, Ozan; Dagdeviren, Tugba; Aydemir, Merve Nur; Korkmaz, Ertan Mahir
    Purpose We aimed to evaluate how matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate the trophoblast invasion and placentation. Methods Female rats were divided into the estrous cycle and early pregnancy day groups. Obtained uterine tissues and implantation sites were processed for immunofluorescence and real-time PCR examinations. Results The mRNA expression of MMP-7 was higher than MMP-2 and MMP-9. Immunofluorescence findings confirmed that MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were localized in the endometrial stroma, while MMP-7 was high in glandular and lining epithelial cells throughout the entire estrous cycle. However, their immunolocalizations and mRNA expressions were dramatically changed with the early pregnancy days. The MMP-7 reached very strong immunostaining in the giant trophoblast cells (GTCs), and the cytoplasm of mature and differentiating decidual cells, whereas MMP-2 and MMP-9 were mostly seen in the primary decidual zone (PDZ), GTCs, and the endothelium of blood vessels. Conclusions All three MMPs seemed likely to be a key mediator of trophoblast invasion into the decidual region as well as angiogenesis during the placentation process. Due to the strong and wide expression of MMP-7 in the mature decidua, it could be suggested that MMP-7 is important for decidual ECM remodeling and it might be used as a new marker of decidual reaction.
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    Wingless ligands and beta-catenin expression in the rat endometrium: The role of Wnt3 and Wnt7a/beta-catenin pathway at the embryo-uterine interface
    (Wiley, 2020) Kaloglu, Celal; Bulut, Huseyin E.; Hamutoglu, Rasim; Korkmaz, Ertan M.; onder, Ozan; Dagdeviren, Tugba; Aydemir, Merve N.
    Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may play an essential role in endometrial decidualization, placentation, and the establishment of pregnancy. We investigate here the possible roles, immunolocalizations, and synthesis of the Wnt3, Wnt7a, and beta-catenin proteins in the rat endometrium during the estrous cycle and early postimplantation period. Wnt3 and Wnt7a had a similar localization and dynamic expression relative to the endometrial stages. Wnt7a immunostaining was not limited only to the luminal epithelial cells, but also to strong stainings in the stromal and endothelial cells. Wnt3, Wnt7a, and beta-catenin were highly synthesized and colocalized at the trophoblast-decidual interface; and were more obvious in the primary decidual zone, the GTCs, and the ectoplacental cone. Beta-catenin was strongly localized at the borders of the mature decidual cells; however, Wnt3 and Wnt7a immunolocalizations were decreased in those cells. As such, the immunolocalization of Wnt3, Wnt7a, and beta-catenin shifted with decidualization and placentation. The expression level of Wnt3, Wnt7a, and beta-catenin messenger RNAs increased in early pregnancy, and especially between Days 8.5 and 9.5. The dramatic changes in the expression of Wnt3, Wnt7a, and beta-catenin observed during the early days of pregnancy and the estrous cycle may indicate their roles in decidualization, stromal cell proliferation, and trophoblast invasion.