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    Introduction and overview of applications related to green solvents used in sample preparation
    (Elsevier, 2024) Fesliyan, Seçkin; Haq, Hameed Ul; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Azooz, Ebaa Adnan; Muhamad, Zainab Hassan
    Sample preparation is critical to the entire analytical procedure because it enables precise and accurate analyte evaluation by removing matrix challenges. Traditional sample preparations are regarded as the costliest, most time-consuming, and most hazardous organic solvents. Using environmentally friendly solvents in analytical methods for sample preparation and following green analytical chemistry principles adds greatly to the advancement of green analytical approaches. Utilizing their solvation characteristics and greenness benefits, these sustainable natural solvents can be designed as potential extractant for their targeted applications, permitting efficient and safe sample preparation before instrumental evaluation. In this chapter, we offer a brief overview of recent developments in the prominent environmentally friendly solvents used in analytical methods. The amphiphilic solvents, supramolecular solvents, hydrophilicity switchable solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents were explained. as well as applications of green solvents, paired with different methods for extremely selective and sensitive assessment. Lastly, we examine potential prospects in this field. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Optimization of vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent-based liquid liquid microextraction for the determination of mercury in real water and food samples
    (Academic Press Inc., 2024) Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Elik, Adil; Altunay, Ayşenur Öztürk; Tuzen, Mustafa; Haq, Hameed Ul; Boczkaj, Grzegorz
    A novel method was developed for sample preparation for spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II) in water and food samples. The method was based on vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-SUPRASs-LLME). Analytical parameters such as pH, chelating agent, solvent type and volume, vortex time and salting out effect were optimized. Surface and normal probability plots were drawn for the variables using the optimization data. Microwave-assisted digestion of samples was performed before the extraction procedure. L-cysteine was found to be more effective as a ligand for Hg(II). Five different SUPRASs were prepared and used for the extraction of Hg(II). A 1-decylamine/thymol/water at a 1:2:1 molar ratio assisted by a salting effect was found most effective for optimal extraction. Limits of detection and limit of quantification were found 0.6 ?g L?1 and 2.0 ?g L?1 with a very good linearity range of 2–350 ?g L?1. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the range of 1.8–4.0 % with a preconcentration factor 150. The accuracy of the method estimated by analysis of certified reference materials was 96–98.5 %. Finally, the new method was used for the determination of Hg(II) in real water, food samples, and certified reference materials (NIST, IAEQ/W-4(simulated freshwater), and DORM-4; fish protein). © 2024 Elsevier Inc.