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Öğe Assessment of the antinociceptive effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists SER 601 and L-759,633 in an acute pain model in rats(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2021) Joha, Zıad; Yıldırım, Şahin; Saraç, BülentA poorly managed pain is associated with many negative results. These results disturb patients, their families and societies. Although opioid agents have extraordinary analgesic efficacy, they may cause serious adverse consequences. For medication of pain, there is a medical need to discover possible alternatives to opioids. In animal models of acute pain synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists demonstrated analgesic effects. Selective activation of the cannabinoid 2 receptor in the rodent models does not cause psychotropic effects therefore CB2R agonists are an appealing target for the medication of pain and other pathologies. In this study we examined the antinociceptive activity of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists SER 601 and L-759,633 in different doses in rat models of acute pain using the hot plate and tail flick tests. These two agents exhibited dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in acute pain model. The analgesic effects of the administrated doses of L-759,633 and SER 601 reached their peak at 60 min. In the tail flick test, the antinociceptive effects of 3, 6 and 12 mg / kg SER601 in the acute pain were more than the L-759,633 groups at the same doses.Öğe Evaluation of the knowledge and opinions of university students in rational drug use(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2020) Doğan, Murat; Saraç, BülentObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and opinions of students at Sivas Cumhuriyet University on rational drug use.Method: In this study, 400 students at different faculties at Sivas Cumhuriyet University constituted the universe of this study. All students who agreed to participate in the study were included. A questionnaire consisting of 17 questions about rational drug use was prepared and students were allowed to participate in the survey with their own consent.Results: In our study, the responses of the participants to the questions in the questionnaire study were evaluated. According to the results, it was observed that the participants do not have sufficient information about rational drug utilization. It was observed 230 women participants and 170 men participants included in our study.Conclusions: As a result of the survey, the opinions of the participants were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the majority of the participants should be informed about rational drug use.Öğe Evaluation of urinary bladder function after acute spinal cord injury: An experimental study(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2010) Öztemür, Zekeriya; Tezeren, Gündüz; Ba?civan, Ihsan; Saraç, Bülent; Durmuş, Nedim; E?ilmez, ReyhanObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early surgical decompression of acute spinal cord injury through the evaluation of urinary bladder function in rabbits. Materials and methods: The study was done with 21 New Zealand male rabbits which were 9 to 12 months in age, and weighed an average of 2438 grams (range 2150 to 3550 g). The animals were assigned into four groups as follows: a control group (n=5), a laminectomy group (n=6), a 15-second compression group (n=5) and a 60-second compression group (n=5). A 60 gram compression force was applied on both compression groups with aneurysm clips. All rabbits were sacrificed seven days postoperatively. Urinary bladder tissues were dissected and in vitro relaxation and contraction tests were performed in organ baths. Results: At the beginning of each experiment, 80 mM KCl was added to the isolated organ bath with no significant difference among all four groups (p>0.05). Carbachol was then added to the organ bath and contraction responses were obtained. Carbachol contraction responses were calculated as the percentage of the 80 mM KCl contraction responses, with compression groups showing significant difference from control and sham-operated groups (p<0.05). Electrical field stimulation responses were obtained for all group preparations at 4, 8, 16, 32 Hz frequencies, and showed significant difference in the 15 and 60-second compression groups (p<0.05). The contractility was assessed using E-max and pD2 values. All groups exhibited same pD2 values. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a slightly better outcome for bladder contractility with early decompression. However, there was no significant difference between early and delayed decompression groups.Öğe Hipotioidizmin izole tavşan korpus kavernozumunda adrenerjik, kolienerjik ve non-adrenerjik non-kolinerjik yanıtlar üzerindeki etkileri(Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2004) Saraç, Bülent; Yıldırım, KemalÖZET Hipotiroidizm, erektil disfonksiyonun nedenlerinden birisidir ve bazı araştırmacılara göre tüm impotensli hastalardaki hipotiroidizm oranı %5-6 arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, hipotiroidizmin impotens oluşturma mekanizmasının in vitro olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda tavşanlar kontrol (n=10) ve deney grubu (n=10) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Deney grubundaki tavşanlara total tiroidektomi, kontrol grubundaki tavşanlara ise sham operasyonu yapılmıştır. Her iki gruptaki tavşanlar da 6 hafta beklenildikten sonra, kan ve doku örnekleri alınıp, penis dokuları çıkarılarak korpus kavernozum şeritleri, organ banyosuna kasıcı ve gevşetici maddeler ile elektriksel alan uyarısına (EAU) maruz bırakılmak için asılmış ve elde edilen yanıtlar karşılaştırılmıştır. KC1 kasılma yanıtları ile endotelden bağımsız gevşeme yapan sodyum nitroprussiyat (SNP) ve papaverin gevşeme yanıtları, her iki grupta da benzer olarak bulunmuştur. Fenilefrin ve EAU ile elde edilen kasılma yanıtları ile endotel bağımlı karbakol ve nörojenik EAU'ya bağlı gevşeme yanıtları hipotiroidizmli grupta azalmıştır. Korpus kavernozum dokusunun patolojik incelemesinde herhangi bir değişikliğe rastlanmamıştır. Yapılan biyokimyasal ve hormonal tetkiklerde ise hipotiroidizmli grupta, triiyodotironin (T3), tiroksin (T4), follikül stimüle edici hormon (FSH), luteinize edici hormon (LH) ve testosteron düzeyleri azalmış, tiroid stimüle edici hormon (TSH) ve prolaktin düzeyleri ise artmış, vücut ağırlığı, parathormon (PTH) ve total kalsiyum düzeyleri ise değişmemiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre hipotiroidizmde, nitrik oksit (NO) aracılığıyla endotel üzerinden etkisini gösteren parasempatik uyarıya ve NO aracılığıyla etki yapan non- adrenerjik non-kolinerjik (NANK) nörojenik uyarıya bağlı oluşan EAU gevşeme yanıtlarıyla fenilefrin ve EAU'ya bağlı kasılma yanıtları azalmıştır. SNP ve papaverin ile oluşan gevşeme yanıtlarının değişmemesi NO/cGMP yolağının ve düz kas gevşeme fonksiyonunun normal olduğunu düşündürür. Hipotiroidizmdeki, karbakole bağlı gevşeme yanıtlarının azalması, endoteldeki muskarinik reseptörlerde azalmaya ve/veya muskarinik reseptör aracılı aktivasyona yanıt olarak oluşan endotelyal NO sentezindeki yetersizliğe bağlı olabilir. EAU'ya bağlı gevşemelerdeki azalma ise olasılıkla nöronal NO'nun sentezindeki bir azalmaya bağlı olabilir.Gevşemelerdeki azalmaya düşük testosteron düzeyi de katkıda bulunmuş olabilir. Kasılma yanıtlarının azalması, olasılıkla a-adrenoseptörlerdeki azalmaya ve/veya reseptör sonrası olaylarda bir bozukluğa bağlı olabilir. Hipotiroidizmdeki erektil disfonksiyonun olası mekanizmalarını netleştirmek için daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erektil disfonksiyon, hipotiroidizm, in vitro, tavşanÖğe Scavenging Effect, Chemical Composition and Antispasmodic Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum Onites L.(2019) Saygın, Hüseyin; Saraç, BülentScavenging were determined in vitro. GC-MS analysis that was been carried out upon the essentialoil revealed 31 different composites which equal to 94.60% in which Carvacrol (49.01%), linalool(13.3%) were found as major components. Free radical scavenging capacities of the essential oilwere measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) assay and via ?-carotene linoleic acidexperiment were determined. It showed IC50 value of Origanum onites essential oil was beenidentified as 430 mg/mL, the IC50 value for BHT was 19.8 mg/mL, the ?-carotene linoleic acid assayalso showed the 80% inhibition with the essential oil of Origanum onites.it showed very strongantioxidant activity. In addition, dose dependently (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2 mg/mL) inhibits thecontraction induced by, it was able to inhibit the rat ileum muscle by 2 mg/mL to 100%.
