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    Diversity of Macro- and Micronutrients in the Seeds of Lentil Landraces
    (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 2012) Karakoy, Tolga; Erdem, Halil; Baloch, Faheem S.; Toklu, Faruk; Eker, Selim; Kilian, Benjamin; Ozkan, Hakan
    Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.
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    Evaluation of advanced lentil lines for diversity in seed mineral concentration, grain yield and yield components
    (Ankara University, 2017) Toklu, Faruk; Özkan, Hakan; Karaköy, Tolga; Coyne, Clarice J.
    Lentil is one of the most important grain legumes, which plays a significant role in human nutrition and animal feed through the world. In developing countries, the prohibitively high cost of meat has rendered, lentil, with its high seed protein and essential amino acid content, important source of dietary protein. In this research, 181 lentil advanced lines (F7 generation) of Karacadağ x Silvan and Karacadağ x Çağıl 2004 crosses were evaluated for grain yield, yield components and seed mineral concentrations in two diverse environments in Turkey. Considerable diversity was observed with regard to yield components and seed mineral concentrations in the advanced lentil lines. The greatest phenotypic diversity was observed in the biological yield, number of pods and weight of pods per plant, the number of seeds and weight of seeds per plant, and seed Ca, Zn and Fe concentrations. Grain yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant. Plant grain yield and yield components were strongly positively correlated with seed potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations but was negatively correlated with Fe concentration. In conclusion, promising lentil advanced lines for the grain yield, yield components and mineral concentrations could be evaluated for developing new lentil varieties and spesific breeding purposes. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.
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    Evaluation of Advanced Lentil Lines for Diversity in Seed Mineral Concentration, Grain Yield and Yield Components
    (ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2017) Toklu, Faruk; Ozkan, Hakan; Karakoy, Tolga; Coyne, Clarice J.
    Lentil is one of the most important grain legumes, which plays a significant role in human nutrition and animal feed through the world. In developing countries, the prohibitively high cost of meat has rendered, lentil, with its high seed protein and essential amino acid content, important source of dietary protein. In this research, 181 lentil advanced lines (F-7 generation) of Karacadag x Silvan and Karacadag x cagil 2004 crosses were evaluated for grain yield, yield components and seed mineral concentrations in two diverse environments in Turkey. Considerable diversity was observed with regard to yield components and seed mineral concentrations in the advanced lentil lines. The greatest phenotypic diversity was observed in the biological yield, number of pods and weight of pods per plant, the number of seeds and weight of seeds per plant, and seed Ca, Zn and Fe concentrations. Grain yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant. Plant grain yield and yield components were strongly positively correlated with seed potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations but was negatively correlated with Fe concentration. In conclusion, promising lentil advanced lines for the grain yield, yield components and mineral concentrations could be evaluated for developing new lentil varieties and spesific breeding purposes.
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    EVALUATION OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) COLLECTION FOR AGROMORPHOLOGICAL AND SEED MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2016) Toklu, Faruk; Coyne, Clarice J.; Asikli, Safiye; Aydin, Oguzhan; Karakoy, Tolga; Ozkan, Hakan
    A collection of common bean comprising totally 223 accessions of which 176 genotypes from the USDA, 37 common bean landraces and 10 commercial cultivars from Turkey, evaluated for several agromorphological plant characters and mineral concentrations in seeds. There were wide range of variations for the investigated agromorphological characters and mineral concentrations. The majority of the common bean genotypes had indeterminate climber growth habit (35% and 69% for collection and cultivars respectively), with white flower color (46% for collection 100% for cultivars). The majority of the USDA collection and Turkish landraces had very small seed size (52%) while common bean cultivars had medium and average seed size (38% respectively). The results showed that several genotypes such as Pinck, Feijao Pico de Oro, Estrada Rosado (Colombian genotypes), 08KMY0F25, 12KMYOF8 and 12KMYOF17 (Turkish landraces) found to be promising genotypes for grain yield and yield components. The genotypes G878, G16837, Frijol canario, P8474-A-D (from USDA collection), 12KMYOF25 landrace and Goynuk cultivar (from Turkey) were found to contain high Fe and Oaxana 5-1, Queretaro 7-5, Frijol canario and Negro for high Zn seed concentrations. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) which are the most important components accounteds for 29.78% and 18.70% of total variation respectively. PC1 is positively correlated to yield components such as number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant and grain yield per plot while PC2 is positively correlated to the seed Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations.
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    Evaluation of the Genetic Relationships of Some Endangered Tunisian Peas Adapted to Arid Regions and Turkish Accessions Revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers
    (Hard, 2023) Mohamed, Amina; Kacar, Yildiz Aka; Toklu, Faruk; Donmez, Dicle; Erol, Mansur Hakan; Simsek, Ozhan; Bicen, Belgin
    The study of crop genetic diversity has received attention in recent decades to develop new varieties adapted to harsh environmental conditions. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the main sources of legumes due to its higher protein content. In the present investigation, 25 accessions of Turkish and Tunisian peas were characterized by fifteen ISSR markers in order to preserve this germplasm and develop new high-performance varieties. Means of diversity indices, Polymorphism information content (PIC), resolving power, marker index, major allele frequency and Shannon index were 0.70, 5.56, 3.20, 0.89 and 0.35, respectively. The analysis revealed a higher polymorphism (84.15%). The coefficient of similarity Jaccard varied from 0.45 to 1 exhibiting a greater genetic variety. The patterns detected by the cluster analysis, divided the 25 pea genotypes into three main groups. These findings were in agreement with the population structure which divided accessions into three main populations. Therefore, this paper has clearly shown the usefulness of the ISSR markers to provide a great degree of polymorphism for peas. The information collected from this work can help pea breeders to implement a selection program that improves the distribution of this crop in Turkey and in the arid regions of Southern Tunisia.
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    Genotip Sekanslama (GBS) ve SSR Metodlarını Kullanarak Yerel Bakla Popülasyonlarında Agro-Morfolojik, Verim ve Kalite ile İlişkili DNA Markörlerinin Belirlenmesi
    (2019) Karaköy, Tolga; Özkan, Hakan; Toklu, Faruk; Gürsoy, Nevcihan; Demirbaş, Ahmet; Karagül, Eylem Tugay; Uncuer, Damla
    Proje kapsamında toplam 6 lokasyonda yetiştirilen 396 bakla yerel genotipleri ve 3 kontrol çeşidi ile Augmented deneme desenine uygun olarak yürütülen denemelerde elde edilen morfolojik karakterlerden, çiçek rengi, çiçeklenme zamanında sapta pigment oluşumu, yaprakçık büyüklüğü, kanat petal rengi, bakla şekli, tohum kabuğu rengi, hilum rengi, tohum şekli ve bakla çatlaması yönünden frekans dağılımları saptanmıştır. Kantitatif bitkisel karakterlerden çıkış süresi, çiçeklenmeye kadar geçen süre, bakla uzunluğu, bakladaki tohum sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk meyve yüksekliği, bitkide dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide bakla ağırlığı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, bitki tane verimi, olgunlaşma süresi, tane verimi ve biyolojik verim ile dane mineral madde ve kalite parametrelerinden rutubet, ham protein, nişasta, kül, ham yağ, ham lif, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu içerikleri ile tohum genişleme kapasitesi, tohum hidratasyon kapasitesi, pişme süresi, su alma indeksi ve şişme indekslerine ilişkin bazı istatistikler ve bu özelliklerle ilişkili DNA markörleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, incelenen yerel bakla genotipleri arasında kalitatif ve kantitatif bitkisel karakterler ile kalite parametreleri yönünden yüksek oranda varyasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar elde bulunan bakla gen kaynağının ıslah çalışmaları açısından önemli bir kaynak oluşturduğunu ve bakla ile ilgili ıslah programlarında etkin olarak kullanılma potansiyeli taşıdığını göstermektedir. Araştırmada SNP, SSR ve DarT markörleri kullanılarak yapılan genotipik sekanslama sonucunda, hem agromorfolojik bitkisel karakterler hem de kalite özellikleri ile ilişkili DNA markörleri belirlenmiş olup, bunların bakla ıslahında etkin olarak kullanılabileceği ve yeni yaklaşımlara olanak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
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    Response of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes to salt stress conditions
    (WFL PUBL, 2012) Karakoy, Tolga; Kokten, Kagan; Toklu, Faruk
    The salt (NaCl) tolerance of 5 chickpea genotypes was investigated. Plants were grown in 5 different NaCl concentrations. Germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight and salt tolerance percentage in the shoots and roots were evaluated. The salt tolerance index (STI) of the genotypes, expressed as the ratio of dry matter yield produced under the NaCl treatments compared to the control treatment, was found to be a reliable criterion for ranking genotypes for their tolerance to NaCl. Inci, Aydin-92 and FLIP 98-55C showed high levels of tolerance and Izmir-92 medium levels. FLIP 98-63C was the most susceptible genotypes to NaCl.
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    Sivas Ekolojik Koşullarında Soğuğa Dayanıklı Bezelye (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L. ve ssp. arvense L.) Genotiplerinin Belirlenmesi
    (Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2016) Karaköy, Tolga; Demirbaş, Ahmet; Yörük, Volkan; Toklu, Faruk; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Ton, Aybegün; Anlarsa, A. Emin L
    Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sivas Meslek Yüksekokulu, Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü Araştırma Deneme Alanında, 2013-2014 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülen bu araştırmada; ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinden toplanmış olan toplam 130 adet yerel bezelye genotipi ile 4 ticari çeşit Sivas ekolojik koşullarında kışa dayanıklılık düzeylerinin saptanması amacı ile materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, soğuğa dayanıklılık (1-5), bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi gibi agronomik ve morfolojik özellikler incelenmiştir. İstanbul, Kars, Diyarbakır, Bolu ve Sivas orijinli toplam 5 adet bezelye yerel genotipi soğuğa yüksek düzeyde dayanıklı, Adıyaman, Elazığ, Kastamonu, Malatya, Sakarya, Tokat, Afyon, Bingöl, Konya, Karaman, Van, Hakkari ve Şırnak orijinli bezelye genotipleri soğuğa dayanıklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Denizli, Edirne, Kırklareli, Manisa, Kahramanmaraş, Giresun, Ordu orijinli bezelye genotipleri ve Ulubatlı, Kirazlı bezelye çeşitleri soğuğa orta düzeyde toleranslı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Karina ve Jof çeşitleri soğuğa tolerans gösterememiş ve tüm bitkiler ölmüştür.