Recent Progress in the Application of Electrochemically Rechargeable Metal-air Batteries: A Focus Review

The metal-air battery has become the primary power source since its invention in 1840 by Smee. Maiche demonstrated functional primary Zn–air batteries utilizing a porous platinized carbon cathode in 1878, which was the outcome of several outstanding scientist's and engineers' studies and endeavors. Owing to its high density, very low self-discharge, extremely lengthy lifetime, long cycling performances, and easy maintenance, metal-air batteries are effective energy storage systems for multifunctional electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation such as EVs. Considering the fact that this topic is quickly growing and recruiting a significant number of researchers, the construction of next-generation metal-air batteries still face significant obstacles. A number of novel chemistries have been developed, resulting in improved energy density, long-term storage capacity, stability, and sustainability. The goal of this review is to initiate the basics and current advances in the field of metal-air batteries, as well as the fundamentals behind their functionality along with its components. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.