Graphene Quantum Dots: Basics, Properties, and Fundamentals

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a fascinating and promising class of nanomaterials with unique structural, physical, and optical properties. This makes them gain the possibility of versatile usage in different fields. In this chapter, the historical view and milestone works are mentioned on GQDs from graphite to modified GQDs, and the main synthesis routes, top-down and bottom-up, are summarized. Also, possible application areas are included, taking into account the physical, electronic, optical, and biological properties because of their unique structural and morphological characteristics. The electronic structure- physical and spectroscopic behavior relationship of GQDs has been included to help understand the intrinsic feature underlying the key properties. Considering the possible promising applications of GQDs, this chapter will be a useful source related to the main basics and properties of these structures by presenting the physical, electronic, and optical properties. Finally, suggestions are mentioned for the preparation of environmentally friendly GQDSs with specific activity and very few side effects (zero if possible), which are very important in terms of contemporary research. © 2024 American Chemical Society.