Diagnosis, prognosis and clinical trial in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is one of the most common zoonotic diseases of viral hemorrhagic fever.The causative agent is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus of the Nairoviridae family. The virus is transmitted to humans by tick bites, or through direct contact with blood or tissues of a viremic patient or infected animal. Information on the pathogenesis is very limited. The disease has a wide geographical distribution, with significant numbers of cases reported from the Republic of South Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mauritania, Tanzania, Iraq, Pakistan, Oman, China, and Senegal. CCHF typically has four different clinical stages, including incubation, pre-hemorrhagic, hemorrhagic, and recovery periods. It is difficult to diagnose because the clinical manifestations of the disease can be confused with many other diseases. This fact increases the need for new biomarkers to help diagnose CCHF. Routine clinical laboratory parameters including platelet, AST, ALT, first step coagulation tests, LDH creatinine, and fibrinogen have been considered as laboratory indicators of CCHF. As disease-specific treatment options are limited, supportive approaches are often used in the treatment of the disease. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.