Different threshold levels of circulating total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D for the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency in obese adolescents

Abstract

The total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)DT] level is lower in obese individuals than in their nonobese peers, despite similar bone turnover markers and bone mineral density. This study aimed to investigate whether the threshold level of 25(OH)D for the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in obese adolescents was lower than that in controls and to compare 25(OH)DT, free [25(OH)DF] and bioavailable [25(OH)DB] vitamin D with VDBP levels in obese individuals and their controls. A total of 173 adolescents (90 obese individuals and 83 controls) aged 12–18 years were included in the study. The metabolic and anthropometric parameters of the participants were recorded, the 25(OH)DT, 25(OH)DF, and VDBP levels were measured, and the 25(OH)DB levels were calculated. The cutoff values for VDD were estimated according to the level of 25(OH)D below which parathyroid hormone begins to rise. The obese subjects had lower 25(OH)DT (12.1 ± 5.8 vs. 16.4 ± 9.3 ng/mL, p < 0.001), 25(OH)DF (12.6 ± 4.2 vs. 16.7 ± 7.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001), 25(OH)DB [4.8 (2.3) vs. 6.1 (5.2) ng/mL, p = 0.012], and VDBP [112.2 (51.3) vs. 121.9 (95.5) μg/mL, p < 0.001] levels than the controls. The cutoff values for 25(OH)DT and 25(OH)DF levels for VDD were lower in the obese group than in the control group (9.4 vs. 14.1 ng/mL; 12.2 vs. 16.8 pg/mL, respectively).

Conclusion: The vitamin D cutoff values for the diagnosis of VDD were different in the obese and control groups. Using the same cutoff value for VDD may cause overtreatment in obese adolescents.