Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns
Citation
Prabhakar Semwal , 1,2 Sakshi Painuli,1,3 Kartik M. Painuli,4 Gizem Antika,5 Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer,6 Ashish Thapliyal,1 William N. Setzer,7,8 Miquel Martorell , 9 Mohammed M. Alshehri , 10 Yasaman Taheri,11 Sevgi Durna Daştan,12,13 Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi , 11,14,15 Anka Trajkovska Petkoska,16 Javad Sharifi-Rad , 11 and William C. Cho 17 1 Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2 Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3 Himalayan Environmental Studies and Conservation Organization, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 4 Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Gurukul Campus (Haridwar), Uttarakhand, India 5 Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, CanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey 6 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, CanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey 7 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 8 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA 9 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile 10Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 12Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 13Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey 14Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 15H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan 16Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski University-Bitola, Dimitar Vlahov, 1400 Veles, North Macedonia 17Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong KongAbstract
The genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.)
Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan
communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of
several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles,
Hindawi
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Volume 2021, Article ID 1917890, 15 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1917890
hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated
to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant,
antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different
parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological
applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and
safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from
different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google
Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as “Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological
activities and health benefits” from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action
mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable
utilization of the species.
