Optimization of magnetic ionic based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of cadmium in water and food samples using experimental design prior to flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Abstract

A magnetic ionic based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (MIL-DLLME) procedure was optimized for the analysis and extraction of cadmium in water and food samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Contribution of experimental variables were optimized through central composite design combined with response surface analysis. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection was found 0.6 ng mL−1 with the relative standard deviation of 1.7%. Dynamic range was obtained in the concentration range of 2–700 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9983. Relative recoveries were ranged from 94% to 99% with enrichment factor of 172. The validation of the optimized method was successfully confirmed by reference material analysis. The optimized method allows the analysis of cadmium in water and food samples with good reliability of the determination. Compared with the conventional procedures, the method enabled a fast, green and simple determination of cadmium in the real sample with minimal solvent consumption and a higher extraction capability.