Chemometric approach for the spectrophotometric determination of chloramphenicol in various food matrices: Using natural deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

A novel, simple and green temperature controlled-natural deep eutectic solvent emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction (TC-NADES-LLME) coupled with UV–vis spectrophotometry was optimized for preconcentration and measurement of chloramphenicol (CAP) in eggs, milks honeys and chicken meat. Four different NADES were prepared and investigated for the efficient extraction of CAP. The important parameters (pH, NADES-3 vol, Fe(III) amount and extraction temperature) affecting the extraction efficiency of the TC-NADES-LLME procedure were investigated and optimized using a chemometric approach. In this study, Fe(III), NADES-3 and extraction temperature were used as complexing agent, extraction solvent and emulator accelerator, respectively. Using optimized values, the linear range of the TC-NADES-LLME procedure was in the range of 0.1–300 µg L−1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.9991. The detection limit and enhancement factor were 0.03 µg L−1 and 285, respectively. The precision of the method has been confirmed in repeatability and reproducibility studies. Relative standard deviation of these studies was<4.2 %. The matrix effect was investigated by adding three different CAP concentrations to the selected samples, and the results indicated the low matrix effect of the method. The TC-NADES-LLME procedure was successfully applied to determine and extract CAP in the selected samples.