Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, Antibiofilm, and Antimicrobial Activities of Mushroom Species from Turkey
Abstract
Mushrooms, which have been collected to meet the nutritional needs of the world for many years,
have gained medical importance thanks to the bioactive compounds they produce. Thanks to studies
carried out to determine mushroom diversity, the number of species identified is increasing year by
year. Accordingly, in recent years, studies conducted to determine the biological activities of
metabolites produced by fungi have been increasing. The present study was conducted to determine
the cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of the seven different mushroom
species (Craterellus cornucopioides, Hymenopellis radicata, Lepista nuda, Pisolithus arhizus, Ramaria
flava, Schizophyllum commune, and Tricholoma ustale) collected from Tokat and Yozgat regions
located in northern and central Turkey. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that mushrooms used
in this study have different degrees of antibiofilm, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
At the end of the study, it is determined that C. cornucopioides and L. nuda species have the highest
antimicrobial activity. In addition, mushroom species have biofilm inhibitory effects on indicator
microorganisms at varying degrees ranging between 20.7 and 96.3%. As a result of antioxidant activity
studies, it was determined that T. ustale has the highest free radical scavenging effect and P. arhizus,
which has the highest polyphenol content, has the highest reducing power. Finally, it is determined
that, among the mushrooms used in the present study, H. radicata showed higher selectivity on the
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line than on the normal cell line tested, while C. cornucopioides
showed higher selectivity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.