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Öğe A homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction based on temperature-controlled ionic liquid for the accurate and selective determination at low levels of zineb residues in foodstuff by using experimental design(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Lanjwani, Muhammad FarooqueA simple and homogeneous green liquid-liquid microextraction based on temperature-controlled ionic liquid (IL) process was developed for the selective extraction and spectrophotometric analysis of zinc (II) ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) (zineb) from different foodstuff samples including rice, wheat, corn, oat, cabbage, potato, tomato and grain. The effect of various parameters like pH, IL dose, temperature, ultrasound time and foreign ions were studied. The proposed method exhibited good precision and accuracy for extraction recovery of zineb. The samples were spiked with 50 and 150 mu g of zineb and checked its effects on the recovery of zineb. The LOD 9.1 ng mL(-1), LOQ 30 ng mL(-1), linear range 30-600 ng mL(-1), enhancement factor 152 and RSD % values were found 3.2%. The multivariate statistical analysis was also carried out to interpret the data. The factorial design was used to examine the impacts of variables on extraction recovery of zineb from foodstuff.Öğe Advancements and innovations in solvent-based extraction techniques(Elsevier, 2024) Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar; Tuzen, Mustafa; Fesliyan, Seçkin; Altunay, NailThe extraction techniques are very effective separation procedures and are widely employed in various applications in the field of chemistry. The applications of extraction techniques include waste treatment, food engineering, pharmaceutical, biological and environmental sample analyses. The preparation of samples is crucial part of analytical process. The extraction processes involve many solvents to extract the different samples. The selection of solvents are therefore important, because many solvents are toxic which are used in extraction process. These solvents may produce hazardous and toxic waste though consuming huge volume and are harmful for environment. The developing a new environmentally friendly solvent is a great important in the filed chemistry to decrease the number of anthropogenic actions associated to analytical laboratories. There are many novel eco-friendly solvents applied as extractant phases. These solvents, are more eco-friendly, low cost, simple, provide the low extraction times with well selectivity. In this chapter we discuss a number of solvents used in the extraction techniques such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), supramolecular solvents, switchable solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), supercritical fluids used as solvents. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of vortex assisted magnetic deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for separation and determination of vanadium from water and food matrices: Multivariate analysis(Elsevier, 2024) Altunay, Nail; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Tuzen, Mustafa; Boczkaj, GrzegorzA new and simple vortex assisted magnetic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (VA-MDES-DLLME) was developed for the determination of vanadium (V) in food and water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In the extraction medium, a bis(acetylpivalylmethane) ethylenediimine (H2APM2en) was used for the complexation of V(V) in sample solution at pH 6. The VA-MDESDLLME was optimized by different operation parameters, pH level of solution, MDESs volume, vortex time, concentration of complexing agent and samples volume. The accuracy of VA-MDES-DLLME was confirmed by analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) and standard additional method in respect to real samples. The detection limit, quantification limit and enhancement factor were found 0.3, 1.0 ng mL-1 and 120, respectively. The linearity was confirmed for wide concentration range from 1 to 600 ng mL-1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.8 %. The multivariate statistical analysis was used for factorial design to explore the effects of extraction parameters on recovery of V(V) and also significant level of variables.Öğe Optimization of a rapid and sensitive ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction using switchable hydrophilicity solvent for extraction of ?-carotene in fruit juices and vegetables(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Reza, Mohammad; Mogaddam, AfsharA simple, rapid and sensitive ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction by switchable hydrophilicity solvent (UA-LLME-SHS) method was developed first time for extraction and determination of beta-carotene from fruit juices and vegetables using a spectrophotometer. The effect of pH, solvent dose, ultrasound time, volume of NH4OH, volume of NaCl (w/v) and effects of different chemicals on extraction recovery was investigated. The proposed method showed good extraction recovery of beta-carotene. The working range of the developed method was 50-700 ng mL(-1). Limits of detection and quantification were 15.5 mu g L(-1 )and 50 mu g L-1, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions of the developed method was investigated for 75 ng mL(-1) and 400 ng mL(-1) of p-carotene. As a result of the study, the relative standard deviation values were in the range of 2.8-3.3 % and 3.0-4.2 % for the intraday and interday studies, respectively. The enhancement factor was 114 and extraction recovery of beta-carotene was found 98.3 %. The factorial design was drawn to know the combined effects of variables and their significant and insignificant effects on the determination of the beta-carotene.Öğe Optimization of vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent-based liquid liquid microextraction for the determination of mercury in real water and food samples(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Elik, Adil; Altunay, Ayşenur Öztürk; Tuzen, Mustafa; Haq, Hameed Ul; Boczkaj, GrzegorzA novel method was developed for sample preparation for spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II) in water and food samples. The method was based on vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-SUPRASs-LLME). Analytical parameters such as pH, chelating agent, solvent type and volume, vortex time and salting out effect were optimized. Surface and normal probability plots were drawn for the variables using the optimization data. Microwave-assisted digestion of samples was performed before the extraction procedure. L-cysteine was found to be more effective as a ligand for Hg(II). Five different SUPRASs were prepared and used for the extraction of Hg(II). A 1-decylamine/thymol/water at a 1:2:1 molar ratio assisted by a salting effect was found most effective for optimal extraction. Limits of detection and limit of quantification were found 0.6 ?g L?1 and 2.0 ?g L?1 with a very good linearity range of 2–350 ?g L?1. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the range of 1.8–4.0 % with a preconcentration factor 150. The accuracy of the method estimated by analysis of certified reference materials was 96–98.5 %. Finally, the new method was used for the determination of Hg(II) in real water, food samples, and certified reference materials (NIST, IAEQ/W-4(simulated freshwater), and DORM-4; fish protein). © 2024 Elsevier Inc.Öğe Sensitive method for determination of benzoic acid in beverages and food samples using air-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(Elsevier, 2024) Altunay, Nail; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Ul Haq, Hameed; Tuzen, Mustafa; Elik, AdilA simple, reliable and rapid air-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-HDES-DLLME) was developed for analysis of benzoic acid in various beverages and food samples. The final determination stage was performed via UV-visible spectrophotometry. The key parameters (extraction time, HDES type and volume, dispersant volume, pH and sample volume) of the AA-HDES-DLLME method were optimized in detailed using Box-Behnken design. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Under the optimized conditions, limit of detection (12.1 mu g L-1), limit of quantification (40 mu g L-1), linearity range (40-1000 mu g L-1), and preconcentration factor (140) were determined. While the accuracy of the AA-HDES-DLLME method was investigated with the standard addition approach, its precision was investigated with intraday/interday studies. The method proved to be effective for routine analytical practice for a wide variety of samples. The novelty of the AA-HDES-DLLME method is that it enables the extraction of benzoic acid without the need for heating or centrifugation steps. In this way, the AA-HDES-DLLME method enabled selective extraction of benzoic acid in a shorter time and using less energy compared to similar studies.Öğe Ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction of maneb in water and food samples with new hybrid block copolymer material prior to micro-spectrophotometric analysis(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Altunay, Nail; Hazer, Baki; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Tuzen, MustafaA simple and effective ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (UA-d mu SPE) method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of traces maneb in food and water. In this study, a new hybrid block copolymer poly (vinyl benzyl chloride-b-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (Pvb-DMA) was synthesized and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, SEM-EDX. The synthesized Pvb-DMA was used as an adsorbent for the extraction of maneb for first time in this study. The effects of different experimental variables such as pH, adsorbent amount, sample volume, eluent type were optimized. The statistical toll factorial design was applied to estimate the individual and combined impact of parameters on the extraction of maneb. The applicability of different solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile for maneb recovery from adsorbent was tested. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 3.3 ng mL(-1) and 10.0 ng mL(-1), respectively. In addition, the preconcentration factor and linear range was obtained 300 and 10-500 ng mL(-1). The extraction recovery and relative standard deviation were found to be 95 % and 2.8 %, respectively.Öğe Use of magnetic ionic liquid for selective extraction of proline from wine and honey samples(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Fesliyan, Seckin; Elik, Adil; Altunay, Aysenur Ozturk; Tuzen, MustafaA simple, cheap, green and novel air-assisted magnetic ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction (AA-MILLPME) method was developed for the selective extraction, accurate and sensitive determination of proline from wine and honey samples. Two different magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were prepared to be investigated for use in the AA-MIL-LPME method. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using the standard addition method and comparing it with the reference method. Experimental parameters such as MIL volume, pH, amount of KCl, extraction cycle, and sample volume were optimized by Plackett-Burman design. Under optimized conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the AA-MIL-LPME method was calculated as 12.1 mu g L- 1 and 40 mu g L- 1, respectively. Relative standard deviation for 100 mu g L- 1 of proline (N = 10) was 3.8 %., the linear range of the method was 40-800 mu g L- 1 with an enrichment factor of 250. The AA-MIL-LPME method was easily applied for the determination of proline from complex sample matrices such as honey and wine by using an UV-VIS spectrophotometer.Öğe Vortex-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction of manganese in food samples by using newly synthesized biodegradable poly (3-hydroxy butyrate) diethanol amine(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Altunay, Nail; Hazer, Baki; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque; Tuzen, MustafaA newly synthesized biodegradable polyhydroxy butyrate diethanol amin (PHB-DEA) was used as adsorbent for vortex assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (VA-dSP mu E) of manganese in food samples. The different parameters were optimized such as pH, amount of adsorbent, time, desorption solvents and also number of reuses. After the sample preparation step, the determination of manganese from food samples was carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The present developed method showed good LOD value 0.15 ng mL(-1) and LOQ 0.5 ng mL(-1). The 0.5-300 ng mL(-1) linearity range was found and enhancement factor was 182. The inter-day RSD% was 2.2-4.1 and intra-day RSD% was 2.8-5.2. The recovery of manganese was found in 95-98 % . The factorial design was employed such as response surface plots, pareto chart, residual plots and ANOVA to estimate the significant level of the model using central composite design (CCD). The developed VA-dSP mu E procedure was successfully implemented to determine manganese in food samples.
