Sensitive method for determination of benzoic acid in beverages and food samples using air-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

A simple, reliable and rapid air-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-HDES-DLLME) was developed for analysis of benzoic acid in various beverages and food samples. The final determination stage was performed via UV-visible spectrophotometry. The key parameters (extraction time, HDES type and volume, dispersant volume, pH and sample volume) of the AA-HDES-DLLME method were optimized in detailed using Box-Behnken design. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Under the optimized conditions, limit of detection (12.1 mu g L-1), limit of quantification (40 mu g L-1), linearity range (40-1000 mu g L-1), and preconcentration factor (140) were determined. While the accuracy of the AA-HDES-DLLME method was investigated with the standard addition approach, its precision was investigated with intraday/interday studies. The method proved to be effective for routine analytical practice for a wide variety of samples. The novelty of the AA-HDES-DLLME method is that it enables the extraction of benzoic acid without the need for heating or centrifugation steps. In this way, the AA-HDES-DLLME method enabled selective extraction of benzoic acid in a shorter time and using less energy compared to similar studies.