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Öğe A New Soluble Copper Phthalocyanine Derivative as a Smart Material(2023) Erden, Fuat; Yabaş, EbruCopper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and its derivatives are considered as candidate materials in many applications. Particularly, easy and sensitive film-forming ability, commercial availability, chemical stability, and ease in tailoring its molecular structure make CuPc a versatile material. On the other hand, main challenge that Pcs often exhibit is their poor solubility in organic solvents. In this sense, this work involves designing of new CuPc derivatives by introducing suitable substitutions to improve the solubility in organic solvents. Specifically, [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (1) and [2,9,16,23-tetra{(4,5-Diphenyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazole)-2-yl-thio}phthalocyaninato-copper(II)] (2) were prepared. The results show that compound 1 is soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and compound 2 is soluble in chloroform, acetone, methanol, THF, DMF, and DMSO. Optical and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated, and it was determined that the energy bang gaps of compounds 1 and 2 are 1.70 eV and 1.56 eV, respectively. Strikingly, we demonstrate that compound 1 is exhibiting a rapid and reversible color change behavior upon altering pH in the entire pH spectrum. As it is known, materials that respond reversibly to chemical and/or physical stimuli in a controllable fashion are regarded as smart materials. Hence, we report that compound 1 is actually a smart material that can be used as a simple yet efficient pH sensor.Öğe Double?decker lutetium and europium phthalocyanine composites with reduced graphene oxide as supercapacitor electrode materials(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Yabaş, Ebru; Biçer, Emre; Durukan, Mete Batuhan; Keskin, Deniz; Unalan, Husnu EmrahDouble?decker phthalocyanines were synthesized by a classical method with phthalonitrile and lanthanide metal salts, europium and lutetium acetate. Non-covalent double-decker phthalocyanine-reduced graphene oxide (MPc2/rGO) composites were then prepared by simple sonication method. All the phthalocyanines were peripheral tetrasubstituted 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. Following spectroscopic and morphological characterisation, fabricated composites were subjected to detailed electrochemical analysis. EuPc2/rGO and LuPc2/rGO composite electrodes showed specific capacitance values of 115 F/g and 86 F/g, respectively. Coulombic efficiency values for those materials were determined as 85% and 74%, respectively, at a significant current density of 5 A/g. Following 5000 cycles, EuPc2/rGO and LuPc2/rGO electrodes retained 93% and 99% of their initial capacitance, respectively. These results demonstrated the significant electrochemical performance of double-decker phthalocyanines and can be certainly extended to other metal salts or other composite formers with double-decker phthalocyanines. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Experimental and In Silico studies on optical properties of new thiadiazole tetrasubstituted metal-free and zinc phthalocyanine compounds(2021) Yabaş, EbruIn this study, 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole substituted metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) was synthesized by tetramerization reaction of the phthalonitrile derivative. The synthesized compound was characterized by IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR, MS spectroscopy and elemental analysis. To determine the potential of the synthesized phthalocyanines to be used in optical applications (thiadiazole substituted metal-free and zinc(II) derivatives), photoluminescence and fluorescence properties of compounds were studied. In addition, the powder and thin film surface morphology of these compounds were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electronic features (chemical hardness, electron affinity, electronegativity) and frontier orbital energy levels (HOMO-LUMO) were computed using density functional theory. The HOMO-LUMO energies of (H2Pc) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were acquired close to each other. The spectroscopic studies showed that the UV–visible spectra obtained using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was compatible with the experimental UV–visible study. The nonlinear optical (NLO) results indicated that the NLO properties of H2Pc are slightly better than ZnPc.Öğe In vitro antioxidant and nutritional content values of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum L.)(2021) Yabaş, EbruGoji berry has been observed that have a high antioxidant potential. In the same time, results showed that it can be a good food sources for humans thanks to its rich nutritional contents. In this context, it can be said that the consumption of this plant can be beneficial for health.Öğe New Dyestuff Production to Sensitively Determine the Sealing Capacity of the Implant Abutment Connection(Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2022) Yabaş, Ebru; Şimşir, Mehmet; Çetin, Mustafa; Özaydın, FatihAim: In this study, it was aimed to synthesize a new dyestuff with fluorescent active properties, which can be easily produced and water-soluble, to be used in sealing tests. Materials and Methods: In this study, oxo-titanium phthalocyanine compound, which has dyestuff properties and is soluble in water, was obtained as a result of the tetramerization reaction of substituted phthalonitrile derivative. The synthesis of the compound was carried out in closed glass tubes resistant to temperature and pressure under an argon atmosphere. The synthesized crude product was purified by washing from solubility differences and using column chromatography. The sealing capacities of the implant abutment connection of the dental implant systems manufactured by ESTAŞ were determined spectroscopically by UV-Vis spectrophotometer using the synthesized dyestuff in the first stage. Thanks to the fluorescent active property of the dyestuff, the emission spectra were measured with the fluorescent spectrometer, which is highly sensitive to changes, and the sealing capacities could be determined, depending on time. In addition, the gap between the implant and the abutment connection was determined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sealing capacities were evaluated from a different perspective. In addition, sealing tests of the same implant systems were also performed with methylene blue dyestuff and the results were compared. The efficiency of our synthesized dyestuff was determined. Results: The dyestuff to be used in the sealing tests of the implants was synthesized and characterized in a short time in our laboratory. The phthalocyanine compound from the porphyrin class was obtained as a result of the tetramerization reaction of the synthesized phthalonitrile derivative. The dyestuff, which can be synthesized in a short time like 10 minutes, was purified by taking advantage of the solubility difference and chromatographic methods. The obtained dyestuff was characterized by NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis, and MALDI-TOF MS. The results obtained are in harmony with the structure of the molecule. The produced dyestuff is water soluble and was especially used to determine the sealing capacity of the implant abutment connection of dental implant systems produced by ESTAŞ. The sealing properties of the implant were determined by spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis and fluorescence. In addition, sealing capacities were evaluated with SEM. According to the results obtained, we can say that the synthesized dyestuff is a dye that can give spectroscopically more sensitive results than methylene blue. Conclusions: Dental implants, which are artificially placed in the mouth to support dental prostheses, have changed dental treatment methods to a large extent and become the most preferred successful technique. However, infection risks may occur during the treatment due to the formation of a gap between the abutment cap and the implant resulting from both the production and adaptation of the abutment cap, which is a part of the implant. For this reason, it is important that the implants produced are routinely sensitively checked for sealing and put into use. In addition, sealing control will contribute to the control and shaping of the process from the manufacturing stage of the implant. In line with all obtained data, it has been determined that the implant types produced by ESTAŞ have a sealing capacity below the acceptable limits. In addition, it was observed that our newly synthesized dyestuff spectroscopically gave sensitive results in the sealing tests of implant systems © 2022, Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.All Rights Reserved.Öğe Oksadiazol-Tetrasübstitüye Magnezyum Ftalosiyanin Bileşiğinin Antioksidan Aktivitesi(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2023) Yabaş, Ebru; Uçar, EsraBu çalışma oksadiazol tetrasübstitüe magnezyum ftalosiyanin bileşiğinin antioksidan aktivitesini inceleyen bir çalışmadır. Oksadiazol sübstitüe ftalonitril türevinin tetramerizasyon reaksiyonu sonucu elde edilen ftalosiyanin bileşiğinin DPPH radikal yakalama aktiviteleri, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri gibi in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Bileşiğin, yüksek toplam fenol içeriğinin yanı sıra DPPH ile önemli ölçüde reaksiyona girdiği belirlendi. Elde edilen verilere göre özellikleri incelenen ftalosiyanin bileşiğinin antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 5-Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Substituted Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Compound(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2018) Yabaş, EbruThiadiazole substituted phthalonitrile 1 was prepared by a nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiole. Thiadiazole tetrasubstituted zinc(II) monophthalocyanine 2 was synthesized by tetramerization of compound 1. The new compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-vis and IR spectra. Aggregation behavior of compound 2 was investigated both in different solvents (CHCl3, DMF, DMSO) and in different concentrations. The fluorescence properties of compound 2 were also studied.Öğe Water-Soluble Quaternized Serotonin Substituted Zinc-Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Therapy Applications(2023) Yabaş, Ebru; Erden, FuatPoor water solubility is the main drawback of phthalocyanine (Pc)-based second generation photosensitizing agents in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To resolve this, we proposed preparation of quaternized serotonin substituted zinc phthalocyanine (q-Ser-ZnPc) since the positive charge on quaternary amines could improve water-solubility and might limit self-interactions of hydrophobic aromatic surface of Pc in aqueous solutions. Briefly, serotonin substituted phthalonitrile was prepared by reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin). Serotonin substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (Ser-ZnPc) was prepared by cyclotetramerization of serotonin substituted phthalonitrile. Then, q-Ser-ZnPc was prepared by the quaternization reaction of Ser-ZnPc. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, FT-IR, fluorescence, and elemental analysis. Importantly, unlike ZnPc, which is among most widely used second generation photosensitizing agents, we report that q-Ser-ZnPc is actually water-soluble. Besides, q-Ser-ZnPc also absorbs light in the wavelengths corresponding to the therapeutic window. What’s more, q-Ser-ZnPc exhibits a higher fluorescence quantum yield than that of ZnPc. Thus, the material might be useful particularly for image-guided PDT applications.
