The origin, age and duration of hydrothermal alteration associated with iron skarn mineralization determined from clay/phyllosilicate minerals, Bizmisen-Erzincan, East-Central Turkey

Basit Öğe Kaydı
dc.authoridBozkaya, Omer/0000-0002-8474-8600
dc.contributor.authorBozkaya, Omer
dc.contributor.authorBozkaya, Gulcan
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorHozatlioglu, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorBanks, David A.
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-26T18:09:17Z
dc.date.available2024-10-26T18:09:17Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentSivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe Bizmilen skarn-type iron deposit is one of the major operating mines in east-central Turkey. Middle Eocene (46.3-42.0 Ma) plutonic rocks (quartz diorite) were intruded into Triassic-Cretaceous limestones and Upper Cretaceous ophiolites forming skarns (garnet, diopside, epidote, scapolite and tremolite), iron mineralization and clay-bearing alteration zones (argillic alteration). Clay-rich rocks of the argillic zone, contain mainly quartz, calcite, dolomite, feldspar and clay/phyllosilicate minerals comprising dioctahedral smectite, kaolinite, mixedlayered illite-smectite (I-S) and illite, and trioctahedral vermiculite, serpentine/chrysotile, talc, chlorite and mixed-layered chlorite-smectite (C-S). Na-Ca smectite, I-S, illite and kaolinite are developed at both the quartz diorite-limestone contact and within the quartz diorite body. However, phlogopite, vermiculite, serpentine/chrysotile, talc and chlorite occur at the quartz diorite-ophiolite contacts, indicating the distributions of clay/phyllosilicate minerals are influenced primarily by the host-rock composition. Chlorite geothermometry data suggest similar to 300 degrees C for the retrograde stage of skarn formation and similar to 120 degrees C for the late argillic alteration overprint, and the formation of low-temperature clays (smectite, vermiculite, C-S) in areas of skarn formation. Kaolinite 1 M (one-layer monoclinic) and I-S (I-75-S-25, R1 ordering) are indicative of low-temperature ( < 200 degrees C) argillic alteration conditions. Optical and electron microscopy studies of kaolinite, smectite and I-S indicate a completely hydrothermal (neo-formation) origin, with the absence of any detrital input. The major and trace/REE wholerock analyses of clays show they have a composition between the analyses of quartz diorite and ophiolite rocks (i.e., serpentinite and serpentinized peridotite). However, the analyses are closest to those of the quartz diorite. The calculated delta O-18 and delta D values of fluids in equilibrium with the clays (using the average values of the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures) indicate a pre-dominantly magmatic water source. Assuming the clayforming fluids originated from magmatic water, the delta 18O(V-SMOW) and delta DV-SMOW compositions indicate < 200 degrees C for smectite during the supergene or low-temperature argillic stage, but in excess of 200 degrees C for I-S and kaolinite during the hypogene or high-temperature argillic stage. 40Ar/39Ar age data of illite and I-S (37.5-25.5 Ma) indicate alteration started during the late Eocene, similar to 4 Ma after intrusion of the pluton at 42 Ma, and continued to the late Oligocene, with a duration of similar to 12 Ma. The age data imply a long period of cooling at depth, without exhumation, during epithermal alteration after the retrograde skarn stage. The data show that hydrothermal clays formed from magmatic fluids in a hydrothermal system that persisted well after the intrusion of the igneous body and are indicative of how long hydrothermal systems can persist in areas of mineralization.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [113Y576]; NERC SoS RARE [M011429/1]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project Grant No. 113Y576). The authors thank Geol. Eng. Abidin Kahraman (Bilfer Mining Company) and for contributions during field studies and to Dr. Serra Tetiker (Batman University) for X-ray diffraction analysis. The last author acknowledges support from NERC SoS RARE (M011429/1). The authors thank to Dr. Ali liner (Middle East Technical University) and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the manuscript. We also thank to Dr. Ibrahim Uysal (Karadeniz Technical University) for their valuable editorial handling and useful comments.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103179
dc.identifier.issn0169-1368
dc.identifier.issn1872-7360
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85073514331
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103179
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12418/30043
dc.identifier.volume115
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000501412500042
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofOre Geology Reviews
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectEast-Central Anatolia
dc.subjectIron skam
dc.subjectAlteration
dc.subjectClay/phyllosilicate mineralogy and geochemistry
dc.subjectStable and radiogenic isotopes
dc.titleThe origin, age and duration of hydrothermal alteration associated with iron skarn mineralization determined from clay/phyllosilicate minerals, Bizmisen-Erzincan, East-Central Turkey
dc.typeArticle

Dosyalar

Koleksiyon

WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu