Bioremoval of fast green FCF dye from aqueous solution using cranberry kernel (Cornus mas L.) as a lignocellulosic biowaste: equilibrium, kinetics, and mechanism

In this study, the biosorption properties of fast green FCF (FG) dye in an aqueous solution were investigated using cranberry (Cornus mas L.) kernel (CK) as lignocellulosic biowaste. The biosorbent performance of the cranberry (Cornus mas L.) kernel biomass for FG dye molecules was optimized: 500 mg L-1 at natural pH: 6.0 at 25 degrees C. The maximum biosorption capacity for CK biomass was found to be 21.6 mg g(-1) from the Langmuir isotherm model. Biosorption thermodynamics showed that FG dye biosorption to CK biomass was spontaneous, entropy-increasing, and endothermic. The kinetic data were described by the PSO and IPD kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and it was seen that the biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. FT-IR spectrum after biosorption provided data supporting the formation of electrostatic interactions, n-pi interactions, and H-bonds between anionic FG dye molecules and CK biomass. When the results of this study were evaluated as a whole, it was concluded that CK biosorbent is a natural, abundant, low-cost, effective, and potential biosorbent for the removal of FG dye molecules from wastewater.