Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and n-butyl acetate in urine by a validated gas chromatography method: Application to an occupational monitoring study

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dc.authoridDural, Emrah/0000-0002-9320-8008
dc.contributor.authorDural, Emrah
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Betul Isiner
dc.contributor.authorMergen, Gorkem
dc.contributor.authorBoran, Erhan
dc.contributor.authorSoylemezoglu, Tulin
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-04T16:45:55Z
dc.date.available2025-05-04T16:45:55Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentSivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study was aimed to determine occupational and non-occupational exposure to benzene, toluene p-m-o-xylene (BTEXs) and butyl-acetate (nBA). The aim of this work was to develop a simple, sensitive, and reliable chromatographic method using urine, a non-invasive human sample. The method was applied to samples collected from furniture spray workers (n=53) who are at risk of exposure to BTEXs and nBA and office workers (n=51) who have no known exposure risk. Method validation tests, include the sensitivity (LOD <= 0.018 ng/mL), precision (RSD <= 4.1), accuracy (RE% (-3.9)-4.7), recovery (96.1-103.8%) and linearity (r(2)>= 0.999). Urinary benzene (1.77 vs 1.23 ng/mL, exposed-control, respectively), toluene (51.22 vs 0.77 ng/mt), ethylbenzene (9.25 vs 6.69 ng/mt), para-xylene (1.73 vs 0.62 ng/mt), meta-xylene (2.58 vs 1.20 ng/mt), ortho-xylene (1.61 vs 0.88 ng/ mL), and butyl acetate (33.14 vs 1.63 ng/mL) concentrations were determined in the exposed and control group samples. Significant correlations were found between benzene (p=0.286*), ethylbenzene (p=0.552***) and o-xylene (p=0.292*) levels and smoking status in samples belonging to the control group. The occupationally-exposure-risk group samples have significantly higher BTEXs and nBA concentrations than the control (p<0.001). It was determined that smoking was a significantly effective factor in exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene in the control group.
dc.identifier.doi10.1590/s2175-97902025e231017
dc.identifier.issn1984-8250
dc.identifier.issn2175-9790
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85217455533
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902025e231017
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12418/35283
dc.identifier.volume61
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001422506600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniv Sao Paulo, Conjunto Quimicas
dc.relation.ispartofBrazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250504
dc.subjectBTEXs. n-Butyl acetate
dc.subjectHeadspace-GC-FID
dc.subjectUrine
dc.subjectOccupational exposure
dc.subjectSmoking
dc.titleDetermination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and n-butyl acetate in urine by a validated gas chromatography method: Application to an occupational monitoring study
dc.typeArticle

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