Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways

This experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of sugammadex on the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate, involving the nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways. C6 glioma cells were used in the study. Glutamate was given to cells in the glutamate group for 24 h. Sugammadex at different concentrations was given to cells in the sugammadex group for 24 h. Cells in the sugammadex + glutamate group were pre-treated with sugammadex at various concentrations for 1 h and then exposed to glutamate for 24 h. XTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), total antioxidant (TAS), and total oxidant (TOS) in the cells were calculated using commercial kits. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Sugammadex at concentrations of 50 and 100 mu g/mL significantly enhanced the cell viability in C6 cells after the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate (p < 0.001). Moreover, sugammadex considerably decreased the levels of nNOS NO and TOS and the number of apoptotic cells and increased the level of TAS (p < 0.001). Sugammadex has protective and antioxidant properties on cytotoxicity and could be an effective supplement for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson if further research in vivo supports this claim.