Investigation of the Presence of Sildenafil in Herbal Dietary Supplements by Validated HPLC Method

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dc.authoridDural, Emrah/0000-0002-9320-8008
dc.contributor.authorDural, Emrah
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-26T18:00:05Z
dc.date.available2024-10-26T18:00:05Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentSivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectives: As the first FDA-approved phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, sildenafil (SDF) is widely used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction due to its strong pharmacodynamic activity. Since many food supplements are now involved in illegal adulteration, the presence of SDF in food supplements is very important because of their toxicological risks. In this study a simple fast, reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet (UV) detector has been developed and validated for SDF analysis in herbal dietary supplements (HDSs). Materials and Methods: 10 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v), as mobile phase was applied isocratically to a reverse phase C-18 analytical (4.6x250 mm, 5 pm) column. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a C I , reverse-phase analytical column 4.6x250 mm, 5 mu m particle size, using acetonitrile, with 10 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine (65:35, v/v, pH 3.5) as a mobile phase. The mobile phase flow rate was 1 mL min(-1) and the column temperature was 35 degrees C. The UV detector was set at 293 nm. The liquid-liquid extraction method used in the study provided a simple and practical method for the recovery of SDF in HDSs and their obtained values ranged from 87.6 to 111.7%. Results: The method showed linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient (r(2) >0.999). Moreover, it was specific and sensitive with the limit of quantification, 6.5 ng mL(-1). Intraday and interday method precision was 58.2 (relative standard deviation %). Intraday and interday method accuracy was between -4.0 and 7.1 (RE%). The method was strong according to the robustness test results obtained from UV detection, mobile phase buffer pH, column temperature, and flow rate changes. The described procedure was simple, fast, precise, and feasible for routine adulteration analysis of SDF, especially in food control or toxicology laboratories. This method was successfully applied to 50 individual solid and liquid form HDSs. Conclusion: The results showed that 37 out of 50 samples of HDSs (represented 74.0%) examined contained SDF between 0.01 and 465.47 mg/g, 150.87 +/- 127.48 (mean +/- standard deviation), which could lead to serious health problems and might even be fatal for consumers. The described procedure was found to be simple, rapid, precise and feasible for routine adulteration analysis of SDF, especially in food control or toxicology laboratories.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Support Program of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) [ECZ016]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by Scientific Research Projects Support Program of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) under project number ECZ016.
dc.identifier.doi10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.91249
dc.identifier.endpage62
dc.identifier.issn1304-530X
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid32454761
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85079883210
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage56
dc.identifier.trdizinid354333
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.91249
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/354333
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12418/27520
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000518401500008
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTurkish Pharmacists Assoc
dc.relation.ispartofTurkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectSildenafil
dc.subjectadulteration
dc.subjectherbal dietary supplements
dc.subjectvalidation
dc.subjecthigh-performance liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet detection
dc.titleInvestigation of the Presence of Sildenafil in Herbal Dietary Supplements by Validated HPLC Method
dc.typeArticle

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